Estudo das propriedades f?sico-qu?micas de biocombust?veis microemulsionados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaMP.pdf: 1074511 bytes, checksum: a2a332dc1724fb3abebb3c1cc5d53877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-14 === The development of new fuels is an important field of scientific and technological activities, since much...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Pegado, Roberta de Melo
Other Authors: CPF:59545844434
Format: Others
Language:Portuguese
Published: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15762
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Summary:Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaMP.pdf: 1074511 bytes, checksum: a2a332dc1724fb3abebb3c1cc5d53877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-14 === The development of new fuels is an important field of scientific and technological activities, since much of the energy consumed in the world is obtained from oil, coal and natural gas, and these sources are limited and not renewable. Recently it has assessed the employment of microemulsions as an alternative for obtaining fuel isotropic between phases originally not miscible. Among many advantages, emphasizes the application of substances that provide the reduction of levels of emissions compared to fossil fuels. Thus, this work was a study of various microemulsified systems, aiming to check the performance of the winsor regions front of the use of surfactants: RENEX 18 → 150, UNITOL L-60 → L-100 and AMIDA 60, together with structure of esters from soybean and castor bean oils. From the results it were chosen four systems to physico-chemical analyzes: System I RENEX 60, Soil bean oil, methylic ester (EMOS) and water; System II RENEX 60/AMIDA 60, EMOS and water; System III RENEX 70, mamona oil methylic ester (EMOM) and water and System IV RENEX 95, EMOM and water. The tests of physico-chemical characterization and study of temperature increase were done with nine points with different compositions in a way to include the interest area (microemulsion W/O). After this study, was conducted a modeling to predict the viscosity, the property is more varied as function of compositions systems changes. The best results were the systems II and IV with a temperature stability above 60?C. The system I had its physico-chemical characterization very similar to a fossil fuel. The system II was the best one due to its corrosivity be stable. In the modeling the four systems had shown good, with an error that varied between 5 and 18%, showing to be possible the viscosity prediction from the composition of the system. The effects the microemulsion and the engine?s performance with the microemulsion were also avaliated. The tests were performed in a cycle-diesel engine. The potency and consumption were analysed. Results show a slight increase the rendiment fuel compared with the conventional as well as a decrease in specific consumption === O desenvolvimento de novos combust?veis constitui um importante campo de atividade cient?fica e tecnol?gica, uma vez que grande parte da energia consumida no mundo ? obtida do petr?leo, carv?o e do g?s natural, e estas s?o fontes limitadas e n?o renov?veis. Recentemente tem-se avaliado o emprego de microemuls?es como uma alternativa para obten??o de combust?veis isotr?picos entre fases originalmente n?o misc?veis. Dentre muitas vantagens, ressalta-se a aplica??o de subst?ncias que proporcionam a redu??o dos n?veis de emiss?es em compara??o aos combust?veis f?sseis. Desta forma, neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo de v?rios sistemas microemulsionados, visando verificar o comportamento das regi?es de Winsor frente ? utiliza??o dos tensoativos: RENEX 18 ? 150, UNITOL L-60 ? L-100 e AMIDA 60 em conjunto com a estrutura dos ?steres do ?leo de soja e de mamona. A partir dos resultados foram escolhidos quatro sistemas para an?lises fisico-qu?micas, sendo eles: Sistema I RENEX 60, ?ster Met?lico de ?leo de Soja (EMOS) e ?gua, Sistema II RENEX 60/AMIDA 60, EMOS e ?gua, Sistema III RENEX 70, ?ster Met?lico de ?leo de Mamona (EMOM) e ?gua e Sistema IV RENEX 95, EMOM e ?gua. Os ensaios de caracteriza??o f?sicoqu?mica e do estudo do aumento da temperatura foram realizados com nove pontos de composi??es diferentes de forma a melhor abranger a regi?o de interesse (microemuls?o A/O). Ap?s esse estudo, foi realizada uma modelagem para prever a viscosidade, a propriedade que mais variou em fun??o da mudan?a da composi??o dos sistemas. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para os sistemas II e IV com estabilidade em temperaturas acima de 60?C. O sistema I apresentou propriedades f?sico-quimicas muito parecidas com um combust?vel f?ssil. O sistema II foi o melhor sistema obtido devido sua corrosividade ter se mantido est?vel, comparado ao diesel f?ssil. Na modelagem os quatro sistemas se mostraram bons com um erro que variou entre 5 e 18%, mostrando ser poss?vel a predi??o da viscosidade a partir da composi??o do sistema. Foram realizados alguns testes preliminares em um motor ciclo diesel, sendo analisado o consumo de combust?vel e a pot?ncia. Os resultados mostraram um ligeiro aumento no rendimento motor com o combust?vel microemulsionado em rela??o ao diesel convencional assim como uma diminui??o no consumo espec?fico