Vasopressina como terapia de resgate em choque s?ptico refrat?rio ? catecolaminas em pediatria

• Main Author: Dalcin, Tiago Chagas
• Other Authors: Garcia, Pedro Celiny Ramos
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul 2015
• Subjects: MEDICINA; PEDIATRIA; CHOQUE S?PTICO; CATECOLAMINAS; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA
• Online Access: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1434

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 457349.pdf: 912207 bytes, checksum: 0b5f6811b95346d003297fe3ef98fd72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-12 === Importance: In 2012, worldwide, there were more than 3.8 million deaths related to infectious diseases in children younger than five years old. The major concern is that pediatric infections often can evolve into septic shock, defined as infection in the presence of cardiovascular dysfunction. The treatment of septic shock has been based on antibiotic therapy, volume resuscitation and cardiocirculatory support by catecholamines. However, a proportion of patients develop refractoriness to catecholamines, with higher morbidity and mortality. Recently, vasopressin has been used as vasopressor in pediatric catecholamine-refractory septic shock. It is important the evaluation of the current state of evidence for the use of vasopressin in the pediatric septic shock, as well as the addition of new experiences with the use of vasopressin as a rescue-therapy in pediatric catecholamine-refractory septic shock. Objectives: The current dissertation has as objective i) summarize the evidences relating the use of vasopressin in the pediatric septic shock and ii) describe the experience of a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with the use of vasopressin as a rescue-therapy in catecholamine-refractory septic shock. Methods: Using MEDLINE, a review of the medical literature was made to find the scientific articles published in English (1966-August 2013), using vasopressin as vasopressor with septic shock patients included in the sample. Secondly, the five years of experience of a PICU with the use of vasopressin as rescue-therapy in children with catecholamine-refractory septic shock (norepinephrine ≥ 1μg/kg/min with variable doses of other inotropic/vasopressors) were evaluated. Using paired Student s t test, the blood pressure means and the modified vasoactive score means of the two hours prior (T-2) the use of vasopressin were compared with the means of the first 10 hours with (T10) vasopressin. Results: In the literature review, 16 case reports/series and one randomized controlled trial were found, with a total of 259 patients, from which 35,5% had septic shock. In all studies, vasopressin was related with the increase in blood pressure levels. Additionally, in the majority, it was related with the reduction of other vasopressors. The only benefit reported in the randomized controlled trial was the increase of mean blood pressure in the first hour of vasopressin use. The evaluation of the experience with vasopressin as rescue-therapy in refractory septic shock resulted in 16 patients, with a median initial dose of vasopressin of 0.0005 U/kg/min ([IQR] 0.00024-0.00168). The mean blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased with the use of vasopressin (p=0,0267; p=0,0194, respectively). An increase in the modified vasoactive scores was observed, which was unrelated to the blood pressure alterations. Conclusions: Currently, the evidences of the use of vasopressin in pediatric septic shock are scarce, suggesting its prudent use as rescue therapy in catecholamine-resistant shock with low systemic vascular resistance and high cardiac index. Specifically in the studied PICU, vasopressin increased the blood pressures, however without a spare effect on catecholamines === Import?ncia: Em 2012, mundialmente, ocorreram mais de 3,8 milh?es de ?bitos em menores de 5 anos devido ? causas infecciosas. A preocupa??o maior ? que infec??es em crian?as frequentemente podem evoluir para choque s?ptico, definido como infec??o associada com disfun??o cardiovascular. Al?m da terapia antibi?tica e ressuscita??o volum?trica, o tratamento principal do choque s?ptico ? baseado no suporte cardiocirculat?rio das catecolaminas. Entretanto, uma parcela dos pacientes desenvolve refratariedade ?s catecolaminas, apresentando maior gravidade e mortalidade. Recentemente, a vasopressina tem sido utilizada como vasopressor no choque s?ptico refrat?rio ? catecolaminas pedi?trico. ? importante a avalia??o do estado atual de evid?ncias sobre o uso da vasopressina em choque s?ptico pedi?trico, bem como o acr?scimo de novas experi?ncias com o uso da vasopressina como terapia de resgate em choque s?ptico refrat?rio ? catecolaminas. Objetivos: A presente disserta??o teve como objetivos i) sumarizar as evid?ncias existentes relacionando o uso de vasopressina no choque s?ptico pedi?trico e ii) relatar a experi?ncia de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pedi?trica (UTIP) com o uso de vasopressina como terapia de resgate em choque s?ptico refrat?rio ? catecolaminas. M?todos: Utilizando a ferramenta de pesquisa MEDLINE, realizou-se uma revis?o dos artigos cient?ficos publicados em l?ngua inglesa (1966 - Agosto de 2013), que utilizaram a vasopressina como vasopressor e que inclu?ram pacientes com choque s?ptico na amostra. Em um segundo momento, avaliou-se a experi?ncia de cinco anos de uma UTIP com o uso de vasopressina como terapia de resgate em crian?as com choque s?ptico refrat?rio ? catecolaminas (noradrenalina ≥ 1μg/kg/min associada com doses vari?veis de outros inotr?picos/vasopressores). Atrav?s do teste t de Student pareado, comparou-se as m?dias das press?es arteriais e escores vasoativos modificados no per?odo de duas horas antes (T-2) do uso da vasopressina com as m?dias do per?odo de 10 horas com o uso (T10) da vasopressina. Resultados: Na revis?o de literatura, encontrou-se 16 relatos/s?ries de casos e um ensaio cl?nico randomizado, somando um total de 259 pacientes. Destes, 35,5% tinham choque s?ptico. Em todos os estudos a vasopressina associou-se com o aumento dos n?veis de press?o arterial. Al?m disso, na maioria, associou-se com redu??o da dose de outros vasopressores. O ?nico benef?cio encontrado no ensaio cl?nico foi aumento da press?o arterial m?dia na primeira hora de uso da vasopressina. A avalia??o da experi?ncia do uso de vasopressina como terapia de resgate em choque s?ptico refrat?rio resultou em 16 pacientes, com uma dose inicial de vasopressina de 0,00055 U/kg/min ([AIQ] 0,00024-0,00168). As press?es arteriais m?dias e as press?es arteriais diast?licas aumentaram com o uso da vasopressina (p=0,0267; p=0,0194, respectivamente). Observou-se ainda aumento dos escores vasoativos modificados, n?o relacionado com as altera??es na press?o arterial dos pacientes. Conclus?es: At? o momento, as evid?ncias do uso de vasopressina em choque s?ptico pedi?trico s?o escassas e sugerem seu uso cauteloso como terapia de resgate em choque resistente ? catecolaminas com baixa resist?ncia vascular sist?mica e alto ?ndice card?aco. Especificamente na UTIP estudada, a vasopressina aumentou as press?es arteriais, por?m sem um efeito poupador de catecolaminas