Cyberbullying, estrat?gias de coping e esquemas iniciais desadaptativos em adolescentes

• Main Author: Mallmann, Caroline Louise
• Other Authors: Lisboa, Carolina Saraiva de Macedo
• Format: Others
• Language: Portuguese
• Published: Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul 2016
• Subjects: ASS?DIO VIRTUAL; AJUSTAMENTO (PSICOLOGIA); PSICOLOGIA DO ADOLESCENTE; PSICOLOGIA CL?NICA; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
• Online Access: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6587

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS ([e-mail]) on 2016-04-13T17:20:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINE_LOUISE_MALLMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 708883 bytes, checksum: ebda139ac547d01c7ff34a06be132dd6 (MD5) === Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T17:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAROLINE_LOUISE_MALLMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 708883 bytes, checksum: ebda139ac547d01c7ff34a06be132dd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 === Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES === Cyberbullying is defined as a phenomenon involving aggressive, intentional and repetitive behaviors, carried out by electronic means, during a given period and perpetrated by an individual or group against a victim with difficulties in defending herself or himself. Coping strategies are a set of mutable cognitive and behavioristic efforts, used to deal with internal or external demands that are evaluated by the individual as excessive to his or her resources. Finally, Early Maladaptive Schemes (EMSs) are a dysfunctional cognitive and emotional pattern, related to oneself or to other individuals, developed during childhood or adolescence. Thus, the objective of this paper was to investigate the process of cyberbullying in adolescents of two cities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), as well the relation of this phenomenon with coping strategies and with Early Maladaptive Schemes. To do so, the investigation was divided into two empirical articles. The first article aimed at relating the social roles in cyberbullying (non-involved, victims, aggressors or victim-aggressors) and the styles of coping. A total of 273 students took part in the survey (average age=14,91; DP=1.43). The teenagers were invited to answer the Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory (RCBI), the Young Schema Questionnaire for Adolescents (SQA) and the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Inventory. The results indicated that almost 58% of the adolescents suffered or perpetrated some sort of virtual violence. Moreover, the average of the coping strategies of self-control, social support and escape-avoidance were significantly higher to the victims than to the non-involved. On the other hand, the confrontation strategy was more frequent in the reports of victim-aggressors than in the non-involved. It is discussed the high cyberbullying frequency in the sample surveyed, as well as the dominance of coping strategies focused on emotion. The second article aimed at investigating the relations between social roles in cyberbullying and the Early Maladaptive Schemes proposed by Young. The participants, as well as the procedures, were the same as in Study 1. The results showed that girls tend to be more involved in cyberbullying practices than boys. Adolescents involved in cyberbullying as victims and victim-aggressors tend to present higher averages in the majority of EMSs than the non-involved. Victims presented significantly higher scores in the Defect scheme in comparison to aggressors, victim-aggressors and non-involved, as well as presented significantly higher scores in the Distrust, insufficient Self-Control, Subjugation and Self-Sacrifice Schemes in comparison with the non-involved and in the Entanglement Scheme in comparison to victim-aggressors. On the other hand, the victim-aggressors presented higher scores in the grandiosity, insufficient self-control and search for approval schemes. It was observed a higher frequency of cyberbullying among girls, which brings interpretations on cultural and biological influences related to genre and aggressiveness. Finally, it is equally debated the issue of EMSs as possible factors that make the individual vulnerable to the cyber victimization or that allow the perpetration of aggressive acts in the virtual context. === Cyberbullying ? definido como um fen?meno que envolve comportamentos agressivos, intencionais e repetitivos, realizados atrav?s de meios eletr?nicos, ao longo de um determinado per?odo e perpetrados por um indiv?duo ou grupo contra uma v?tima que apresenta dificuldade em se defender. J? estrat?gias de coping s?o um conjunto de esfor?os cognitivos e comportamentais mut?veis, utilizados para lidar com exig?ncias internas ou externas, avaliadas pelo indiv?duo como excessivas aos seus recursos. Por fim, Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EIDs) referem-se a um padr?o cognitivo e emocional disfuncional, relacionado a si mesmo ou a outros indiv?duos, os quais s?o desenvolvidos durante a inf?ncia ou adolesc?ncia. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o processo de cyberbullying em adolescentes de duas cidades do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), bem como a rela??o desse fen?meno com as estrat?gias de coping e com os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos. Para isso, a investiga??o foi dividida em dois artigos emp?ricos. O primeiro artigo objetivou relacionar os pap?is sociais no cyberbullying (n?o-envolvidos, v?timas, agressores ou v?timas-agressores) e os estilos de coping. Participaram do estudo 273 estudantes (idade m?dia=14,91; DP=1,43). Os adolescentes foram convidados a responder ao Question?rio de Dados Sociodemogr?ficos, ao Revised Cyberbullying Inventory (RCBI), ao Question?rio de Esquemas de Young para Adolescentes (QEA) e ao Invent?rio de Estrat?gias de Coping de Lazarus e Folkman. Os resultados indicaram que 58% dos adolescentes sofreram ou perpetraram alguma forma de agress?o virtual. Al?m disso, as m?dias das estrat?gias coping de autocontrole, suporte social e fuga-esquiva foram significativamente maiores para as v?timas do que para os n?o-envolvidos. Por sua vez, a estrat?gia de confronto foi mais frequente no relato das v?timas-agressores que dos n?o-envolvidos. Discute-se a frequ?ncia elevada do cyberbullying na amostra pesquisada, bem como a preval?ncia de estrat?gias de coping focadas na emo??o. J? o segundo artigo buscou investigar as rela??es entre os pap?is sociais no cyberbullying e os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos propostos por Young. Os participantes, bem como os procedimentos, foram os mesmo do Estudo 1. Os resultados apontaram que as meninas tenderam a estar mais envolvidas em pr?ticas de cyberbullying que os meninos. Os adolescentes envolvidos em cyberbullying como v?timas e v?timas-agressores tenderam a apresentar m?dias mais elevadas na maioria dos EIDs do que os n?o-envolvidos. V?timas apresentarem escores significativamente maiores no esquema de Defeito, em compara??o a agressores, v?timas-agressores e n?o-envolvidos, assim como obtiveram pontua??es significativamente maiores nos esquemas de Desconfian?a, Autocontrole insuficiente, Subjuga??o e Auto-sacrif?cio, em compara??o aos n?o-envolvidos e no esquema de Emaranhamento em compara??o a v?timas- agressores. Por outro lado, as v?timas-agressores apresentaram escores mais elevados nos esquemas de grandiosidade, auto-controle insuficiente e busca de aprova??o em compara??o a n?o-envolvidos. Observou-se uma frequ?ncia mais elevada de cyberbullying entre as meninas, o que remete a interpreta??es sobre influ?ncias culturais e biol?gicas relacionadas a g?nero e agressividade. Por fim, ? igualmente problematizada a quest?o dos EIDs como poss?veis fatores que vulnerabilizam o indiv?duo ? cyber vitimiza??o ou propiciam a realiza??o de atos agressivos no contexto virtual.