Chromosomal Determinants of Aminoglycoside Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen found in soil and aquatic environments that possesses a broad range of intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including a highly impermeable outer membrane and several RND-type efflux pumps that export a number of clinically relevant antibioti...
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| Language: | en en |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7513 |
| Summary: | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen found in soil and aquatic environments that possesses a broad range of intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including a highly impermeable outer membrane and several RND-type efflux pumps that export a number of clinically relevant antibiotic classes. Chronic P. aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients gradually develop high levels of resistance to antimicrobial therapy due to conditions that favour the acquisition and selection of numerous chromosomal mutations, the nature of which are poorly understood. To identify chromosomal contributors to aminoglycoside resistance a P. aeruginosa transposon mutant library was screened for increases in aminoglycoside susceptibility. Six genes of interest (pstB, lptA, faoA, amgR, PA0392, and PA2798) were identified, the deletion of which meaningfully decreased aminoglycoside minimum inhibitory concentrations in wild-type P. aeruginosa. Combinations of gene deletions were constructed to determine if any of these genes contributed to aminoglycoside resistance via a common mechanism or whether they operated independently to promote intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance. In all cases, double deletion had an additive impact on aminoglycoside susceptibility, suggesting that each gene of interest contributes to resistance through an independent mechanism. Deletions in pstB, lptA, faoA, amgR, PA0392, and PA2798 were introduced into pan-aminoglycoside-resistant CF-lung isolates where they dramatically compromised aminoglycoside resistance, indicating that these genes also contribute to acquired aminoglycoside resistance in chronic P. aeruginosa infections. A fluorimetric assay was developed to measure aminoglycoside-induced membrane depolarization using the voltage sensitive probe DIBAC4(3). Gentamicin-induced membrane depolarization was found to be substantially increased in the amgR, pstB, and PA0392 mutant strains when compared to wild-type P. aeruginosa. These increases in depolarization paralleled declines in cell viability as measured by a gentamicin killing assay, suggesting that the cytoplasmic membranes of these mutant strains are more sensitive to the membrane perturbing effects of aminoglycoside-induced mistranslated proteins, and supporting a role for the disruption of the selective barrier of the cytoplasmic membrane in the bactericidal activity of the aminoglycosides. This study describes novel contributors to intrinsic and acquired aminoglycoside resistance in P. aeruginosa, and highlights the importance of membrane functions in resisting these activities. === Thesis (Master, Microbiology & Immunology) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-21 21:27:23.303 |
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