| Summary: | When chloramphenicol was first used for the treatment of typhoid fever, it was observed that although patients responded very well to treatment with this antibiotic, relapses occurred more frequently. It has been postulated that the increased incidence of relapse is a result of a lack in the production of natural immunity during the course of infection caused by a destruction or alteration of the antigenic components of Salmonella typhosa due to its exposure to chloramphenicol. Since that time it has been found that Salmonella typhosa, when made resistant to chloramphenicol "in vitro", has altered antigenic character as determined by agglutination reactions.
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