Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017. === Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. === Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-150). === Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals abundant microbial...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Other Authors: | |
Format: | Others |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108948 |
id |
ndltd-MIT-oai-dspace.mit.edu-1721.1-108948 |
---|---|
record_format |
oai_dc |
spelling |
ndltd-MIT-oai-dspace.mit.edu-1721.1-1089482019-05-02T16:34:31Z Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics Ge, Zhifei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cullen R. Buie. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Mechanical Engineering. Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-150). Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals abundant microbial diversity in nature. However, studies of microbiology have been limited by the capabilities to replicate the natural environment or artificially manipulate cells. Advances in microbial instrumentation with microfluidics can break through these challenges. In nature, bacteria live in communities with abundant inter-species chemical communication. To replicate such environments in laboratory conditions, nanoporous microscale microfluidic incubators (NMMIs) for co-culture of multiple species have been developed. The NMMIs enable high-throughput screening and real-time observation of multiple species co-cultured simultaneously. The key innovation in the NMMIs is that they facilitate inter-species communication while maintaining physical isolation between species. NMMIs are a useful tool for the discovery of previously uncultivated organisms and for the study of inter-species microbial interactions. The land and seas are teeming with microbes but one region of the environment often neglected is the air. Large numbers of microbes are present in air yet little is known about the mechanisms that lead to their dispersion. We have elucidated one such dispersion mechanisms involving rain and soil bacteria. The experimental system replicates the process of raindrops impinging on soil surfaces that contain bacteria. It is demonstrated that up to 0.01% of soil bacteria can be dispersed by aerosolization and survive for more than an hour after the aerosolization process. This mechanism can be relevant for the investigation of climate change, pathogenic disease transmission, and geographic migration of bacteria. In spite of the challenges outlined above there are thousands of known species of bacteria that have been catalogued and genetically sequenced. However, few of these organisms are amenable to modem genetic manipulation tools. Thus there is a great benefit for a tool that accelerates the development of efficient genetic transformation protocols. We have developed a microfluidic electroporation device to address this challenge. The key novelty is the microchannel geometry which applies a linear electric field gradient to each sample. This design enables rapid determination of the electric field that leads to quantifiable bacterial electroporation. Bacterial strains with both industrial and medical relevance have been successfully characterized using this assay. by Zhifei Ge. Ph. D. 2017-05-11T19:57:18Z 2017-05-11T19:57:18Z 2017 2017 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108948 986242694 eng MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 150 pages application/pdf Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
collection |
NDLTD |
language |
English |
format |
Others
|
sources |
NDLTD |
topic |
Mechanical Engineering. |
spellingShingle |
Mechanical Engineering. Ge, Zhifei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
description |
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017. === Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. === Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-150). === Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals abundant microbial diversity in nature. However, studies of microbiology have been limited by the capabilities to replicate the natural environment or artificially manipulate cells. Advances in microbial instrumentation with microfluidics can break through these challenges. In nature, bacteria live in communities with abundant inter-species chemical communication. To replicate such environments in laboratory conditions, nanoporous microscale microfluidic incubators (NMMIs) for co-culture of multiple species have been developed. The NMMIs enable high-throughput screening and real-time observation of multiple species co-cultured simultaneously. The key innovation in the NMMIs is that they facilitate inter-species communication while maintaining physical isolation between species. NMMIs are a useful tool for the discovery of previously uncultivated organisms and for the study of inter-species microbial interactions. The land and seas are teeming with microbes but one region of the environment often neglected is the air. Large numbers of microbes are present in air yet little is known about the mechanisms that lead to their dispersion. We have elucidated one such dispersion mechanisms involving rain and soil bacteria. The experimental system replicates the process of raindrops impinging on soil surfaces that contain bacteria. It is demonstrated that up to 0.01% of soil bacteria can be dispersed by aerosolization and survive for more than an hour after the aerosolization process. This mechanism can be relevant for the investigation of climate change, pathogenic disease transmission, and geographic migration of bacteria. In spite of the challenges outlined above there are thousands of known species of bacteria that have been catalogued and genetically sequenced. However, few of these organisms are amenable to modem genetic manipulation tools. Thus there is a great benefit for a tool that accelerates the development of efficient genetic transformation protocols. We have developed a microfluidic electroporation device to address this challenge. The key novelty is the microchannel geometry which applies a linear electric field gradient to each sample. This design enables rapid determination of the electric field that leads to quantifiable bacterial electroporation. Bacterial strains with both industrial and medical relevance have been successfully characterized using this assay. === by Zhifei Ge. === Ph. D. |
author2 |
Cullen R. Buie. |
author_facet |
Cullen R. Buie. Ge, Zhifei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
author |
Ge, Zhifei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
author_sort |
Ge, Zhifei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
title |
Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
title_short |
Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
title_full |
Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
title_fullStr |
Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
title_sort |
microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics |
publisher |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108948 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT gezhifeiphdmassachusettsinstituteoftechnology microbialinstrumentationutilizingmicrofluidics |
_version_ |
1719042883047129088 |