Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis

Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kronk, Clair Artemis
Language:English
Published: University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK 2021
Subjects:
Bioinformatics
Gender
Sex
Sexual orientation
Ontology
Electronic health record
LGBTQIA
Online Access:http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107411106107
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spelling ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-ucin16171074111061072021-08-03T07:16:59Z Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis Kronk, Clair Artemis Bioinformatics Gender Sex Sexual orientation Ontology Electronic health record LGBTQIA Nine million Americans identify as LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, agender/asexual, and other umbrella gender and sexual identity minorities), with an additional 187,000 expressing intersex anatomical variations. LGBTQIA+ populations experience disproportionate amounts of discrimination and stigmatization. A 2017 survey revealed that 51% of LGBTQIA+ people said that they or an LGBTQIA+ friend had experienced violence due to their identity. LGBTQIA+ discrimination is also prevalent in healthcare, 33% of transgender individuals disclosed negative experiences related to a health care provider and 23% described avoiding seeing a doctor when they needed due to fear of mistreatment.Such negative experiences are often connected to language use. Linguistic stigmatization has been tied to poor patient outcomes in healthcare settings. However, current provider education on LGBTQIA+ topics is lacking with a median of 5 hours dedicated to such subjects.A first step to addressing health disparities is to adequately model domain-specific linguistic knowledge. In medicine, language is modelled using controlled vocabularies or ontologies. Ontologies are common, shared networks which explain information in a domain. Such systems allow for greater reuse of domain-specific knowledge, and analysis of that knowledge. Although there are hundreds of biomedical ontologies, none cover LGBTQIA+ subject areas, or the areas of gender, sex, and sexual orientation.We created the Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation (GSSO) ontology and evaluated its usage in research, education, and clinical domains for accuracy, completeness, conciseness, adaptability, clarity, computational efficiency, and consistency. The GSSO includes over 10,000 entries, 14,000 mappings to other databases, more than 200 slang terms with definitions, 200 nonbinary and culturally-specific gender identities, and 190 pronouns with linked example usages. The GSSO is freely available via GitHub (https://github.com/Superraptor/GSSO) and its website (https://gsso.research.cchmc.org/) as well as via the NCBO BioPortal, EMBL-EBI OLS, and Ontobee (as part of the OBO Foundry ontologies).In research domains, the GSSO was able to perform on par with manually curated literature reviews and outperformed other ontologies in the space. In education, it was able to be easily understood by clinical and non-clinical subgroups. In clinical systems, it outperformed current identification methodologies. We also tested the systems efficacy in LGBTQIA+ language identification in free-text, including research-related abstracts and clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs). In an LGBTQIA+-specific set of MEDLINE abstracts, the GSSO was able to tag 99.85% versus MeSH tagging 82.62%. In a manually curated transgender bibliography, MeSH would only return 86.9% of results versus the GSSO returning 97.7%. In the EHR, the GSSO outperformed ICD-based identification of transgender persons in both the MIMIC-III (100% versus 46%) and CCHMC (recall and precision of 0.74 and 0.79 versus 0.50 and 0.53) datasets.The GSSO is an effective ontological tool which can be applied across a wide variety of domains and questions. 2021-07-15 English text University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107411106107 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107411106107 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws.
collection NDLTD
language English
sources NDLTD
topic Bioinformatics
Gender
Sex
Sexual orientation
Ontology
Electronic health record
LGBTQIA
spellingShingle Bioinformatics
Gender
Sex
Sexual orientation
Ontology
Electronic health record
LGBTQIA
Kronk, Clair Artemis
Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis
author Kronk, Clair Artemis
author_facet Kronk, Clair Artemis
author_sort Kronk, Clair Artemis
title Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis
title_short Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis
title_full Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis
title_fullStr Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation in Medicine: A Linguistic Analysis
title_sort gender, sex, and sexual orientation in medicine: a linguistic analysis
publisher University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK
publishDate 2021
url http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107411106107
work_keys_str_mv AT kronkclairartemis gendersexandsexualorientationinmedicinealinguisticanalysis
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