| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立台中師範學院 === 國民教育研究所 === 85 === The purpose of this study was to investigate the fifth and sixth graders'' strategies and concepts in probability word problems. The sample of this study was 646 fifth-and-sixth graders randomly selected from eight public eldmen tary schools in Taichung city,Taichung county,Changhua county and Nantou county.
The word problems of comparing probability were designed to assess children''s ability,and individual semi-structured interviews were also conducted to explored children''s understanding.
According to data analysis, the findings were summarized as follows:
1.There are ten strategies or concepts in probability word problems:outcome approach, heuristic of representativenss, heuristic of availability, absolute differentces, proportional thinking, numbers of objects, mumbers of non-objects, the difference between numbers of objects and numbers of non-objects, the degree of trial which could be controled, the other concepts of the law of large numbers.
2.There are no significant differece between the scores of boys and the scores of girls. The sixth graders had higher scores than those of the fifth graders. Further more, the children those after probability teaching had higner scores than those before probability teaching. Concerning the concepts of the law of large numbers, there are no significant difference in all subjects.
3.By latent class analysis, the children could be classified to four latent classes. The distribution of childrens'' latent trait was changed after probability teaching.
4.By nonparametric item response throry, the item characteristic curve could be classified to five classes. The classes were different if the concept of items was different, and alterations of probability of correct response could be classified to four classes.
5.Children had better understanding in the items of the concept of sample space, and had other conceptual structure about the law of large numbers.
Based on these results, the researcher had offered some implications and recommendations about the instruction, curriculum, and further research in the field.
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