| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 外國語文學系研究所 === 86 === Sylvia Plath 的詩呈現沉默(silence)的主題與被鄙棄在語言外的疏離感.此種以女性角
度對語言的批判,反映出女詩人自我和文化的衝突,及對語言的質疑.文字一方面描繪出詩
人分裂與失落的自我,另一方面也被視為重建完整自我與希望的唯一圖徑.在有聲與無聲的
文字之間, Sylvia Plath 展現了其存有,並試圖與其讀者對話.此論文旨在分析討論 Sylv
ia Plath 詩中對語言的質疑,並探討她如何藉由創作呈現自己的聲音.在檢視 Plath 自然
詩中流露出的主體經驗時,我們發現詩人常將自己比擬為無聲的自然物.整體而言,Plath的
自然 詩透過對景的描述,反映出詩人的疏離感及自我的空虛.詩人的物化表示對自我存在
的質疑,在自然詩中,詩人的自我是疏離,分裂,空洞與沉默的.這樣不完整的自我源於 Plat
h 對語言的質疑. Plath 對語言的質疑,更反應了她與社會的疏離.自然界對 Plath 而言
其實是另一個現存社會,如同現存語言建構的是一個不完整且分裂的自我,社會對自我的存
在亦充滿威脅.在沉默中我們藉由詩人心靈的眼睛,透過外在世界的描寫,領悟了她的內心
世界.為逃避語言及社會的威脅,詩人遁入沉默之中. Plath 對語言的質疑亦反應在她描寫
女性身體的詩中. 對一位女性而言,自我形象與身體有著密不可分的關係,因此,被視為文
化建構下的女性身體便呈現出一種受語言制約的女性主體.在 Plath 充滿女性特質的身體
語言下, Plath展現了女性感覺敏感的洞察力.大部份詩中的女主角都以弱者的形象出現,
Plath 拒絕接受這個以文化建構且承載語言對女性狹義定義的身體符號,試圖以身體的變
形 (metamorphosisof the female body) 解構原本被動,脆弱,且缺乏主體的女性自我,這
樣的女性依然在沉默中發聲.在這場努力發聲之戰中,Plath對聲音(sound)的敏感反射出她
的內心世界與內在聲音.聲音以不同的方式迴響在文字表面,實際上卻捕捉了詩人思想與語
言的深度.聲音與沉默基本上都是無形,但這個無形卻擴大了Plath文本中未寫出的文字空
間,且使詩人的意識更具體化.在有聲與無聲的文字中,Plath展現了自我的存在.
Sylvia Plath''s poetry explores the theme of silence and the sense of exclusion
from language. This feminine critique of language relfects a conflict between
a woman poet''s conception of self and the offering of her culture. Words, on
the other hand, demonstrate the poet''s sense of split or loss; on the otherhan
d, they serve as a means fro integrity and fulfillment. In this way, Plathmak
es her presence between words and wordlessness. This paper intends toexamine
Sylvia Plath''s suspicion of language recorded in poems and to show howshe stru
ggles to find her voice in writing.In the investigation of the subjective expe
rience of landscape as recorded inPlath''s poems, one will find that the poet a
lways identifies herself with the nonsounding natural objects. Plath''s nature
poems provide a context withinwhich the poetic consciousness interacts with a
landscape as its infertilesource. We share the poet''s immanence in silence t
hrough her mind''s eye. Theself recorded in Plath''s nature poems is always est
ranged, dissolved, alienated or vegetated as speechless. This deny of linguis
tic ability implies Plath''s suspicion of language and her alienation from soci
ety. In fact, the world ofnature is another symbolic social world. This worl
d always points to the poet''s fear of engulfment and deprivation of self-auton
omy. In order to escape from the threat of language and society, the poet tak
es refuge in silence. Plath''s suspicion of language extends further in her in
scription of the femalebody. Since a woman''s conception of self is closely re
lated to her body, a female body which is seen as a product of culture in this
way becomes a further extension of an inherently linguistic entity. The part
icular feminine characteristics of Plath''s language suggest that the female pe
rsona of her body poems is a powerless victim or a female scorn of the cultura
lly inscribed femalebody. Plath attempts to free herself from the burdensome
sigh of woman''s body in various metamorphoses. The female persona in Plath''s
body poems remains silent. Caught in this battle for voice, the sounds which
echo in different ways on the surface of the words reflect Plath''s mind and vo
ice. Sound as wellas silence basically takes no form; however, this formlessn
ess broadens the unwritten parts of Plath''s texuality. Plath''s rhetoric of si
lence and soundexemplifies the gesture of language and delves deeper than word
s as an undertowin language.
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