| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 中國文學系研究所 === 86 === In the waning years of the Ming Dynasty,the school of Wang Yang-ming tended to
neglect scholarship and develop toward individualism and eccentricity. Added t
o this,the stimulus of the fall of the Ming Dynasty led to the unease pervading
all levels of society,including intelligentsia,commom people and government.Ex
pressed in scholarship,this mood emerged as "The Use of Statecraft"(經世致用)an
d"Stressing the Practical -Eliminating the Empty"(崇實棄虛).This emphasis on th
e "Pragmatic"(致用)and"Reality"(務實)was not limited to certain Early Ching Th
inkers ,such as Huang Zhong-yi(黃宗羲),Gu Yen-wu(顧炎武),Wang Fu-zi(王夫之),of
Yen Yuan(顏元),but in many other scholars as well. Thus the scholarship of Lu
Shi-yi,located at the beginning of the Ming/Ching transition,is a clear demon
stration of that line of thought.The representative concepts of Lu Shi-yi''s tho
ught discussed in this thesis include the three main ideas of "On Innate Goodn
ess and Individual Effort"(論本體與工夫),"On Human Nature"(論人性),and"On Advan
cing and Retreating"(論出處進退),which it is hoped will express the core of hi
s thought.The first part begins with a discussion of the Formation Process(成
學過程)of LuShi-yi''s thought,including the interchange of The Four Taichuan Sc
holars(太倉四君子)There is alse discussion of the Characteristics of His scho
larship（治學特色）, distinguishing the "Two Lu"(Lu Shi-yi and
Lu Long-qi),and alse Lu Shi-
yi''s characteristic view of "Honoring Chen-Zhu,but not Rejecting Lu-Wang"(宗主
程朱,不廢陸王).From the standpoint of "Innate Goodness"(本體)and "Individual E
ffort"(工夫),Lu Shi-yi particularly emphasizes the importance of Individual Ef
fort,stressting the idea of "Effort Establishing Innate Goodness Through the Wa
y of Man "(用至體立,人盡天見).He here emphasizes the manner in which Individua
l Effort,conforming to "The Worldly "(形而下),"The Individual"(分殊),or "The W
ay of Man"(人道),is the foundating for individual development.In terms of Inn
ate Goodness or Individual Characteristics,we can clearly see the effect of th
is attitude on the latter Wang Yang-ming School idea of"Bu Pian,Jiu Bi"(補偏救
弊). In his exposition of "On Human Nature",i。t is shown how Lu Shi-yi provide
s a new view of the concept of "Qi-zyi"(氣質),indicating that
Qi-zhi is not evil,t
hus emphasizing the "Nature of Goodness in Qi-zhi"(性善在氣質).Also shown is
that the concept of "Yi-li"( 義理)is included in the "Appropriate and Fitting
"(合宜而有條理者) quality of Qi-zhi. Thus ,from the standpoint of Chen-Zhu (
程朱)scholarship, this view both corrects and develops the original Chen-Zhu c
oncept of human nature. Thus the importance of Qi-zhi is emphasized,illustrati
ng the late Ming,early Ching tendency to make Qi a fundamental concept. In di
scussing "On Advancing and Retreating",Lu Shi-yi speaks from the standpoint o
f Daoxue (道學家),believing that during the transition between dynasties the
work of "Preserving the Dao.Spreading the Dao,Expounding the
Dao"(存道、傳道、宏道
) is necessary even more than ever.Thus,he advocated that hermitage is not a "
High Moral Activity"(高尚其事),and one should be devoted to
"Moual Cultivation and Producing Literature"（脩德、著書）,
planting the seed for future generations to de
velop through study.At the same time he puts forth the idea that in unavoidable
circumstances,although officials of a previous dynasty could not serve in the
succeeding dynasty ,scholars who had not had a goverment post could do so.(諸
生無不應試之理) In sum,we can see how Lu Shi-yi stressed the related terms,"P
ragmatics"(務實)and "Usage"(切用),thus responding to the character of his time
.It is hoped that by discussing the three broad themes above
,the thought of Lu Shi-
yi can be more clearly understood.
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