Effect of fertilization on the growth and N, P, K uptake of rice and corn plants

• Main Authors: Deng, Wen-Yuh, 鄧雯玉
• Other Authors: Ren-Shih Chung
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 1998
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39617644775017816992

碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 農業化學系研究所 === 86 === Organic matter of soil not only affects the availability of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), and other nutrients, but also is important factor which determines sustainability of soil.Due to the subtropical climate in Tai- wan, the degradation of soil organic matter is rather rapid. Therefore, appi- cation of organic matter to soil or planting green manure is advantageous to crop production. Recently, there has been increasing in application of or- ganic manure to soils. From the economic utilization of natural resources and environmental protection points of view, it is worthy of recommendation to apply the organic matter to soil. This experiment was to study the effect of different organic manures which accompanied with different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, N, P, K uptake, and nitrogen composition in various growth stages of rice and corn plant during the growth . Therefore, we can know the appropriate combination of there fertilizers and get high yield. The experiment was conducted in 0.5 ha field of the Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute. The indicator plants were spring rice and autumn corn. The application rates of fertilizer were 120-60-60 (N-P2O5-K2O) kg ha-1 and 140 -80-80 kg ha-1, for rice and corn, respectively. There were seven treatments, which were : 1. check (CK); 2. chemical nitrogen fertilizer plot (Chem - N); 3. compost plot ( Comp); 4.compost accompanied with one third of nitrogen as chemical fertilizer plot (Comp + 1/3 N) ;5. compost accompanied with two thirds of nitrogen as chemical fertilizer plot (Comp + 2/3 N); 6. green manure accompanied with one third of nitrogen as chemical fertilizer plot(GM + 1/3 N) ; 7. peat accompanied with one third of nitrogen as chemical fertilizer plot (Peat + 1/3 N). All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in ramdonized complete block design. The block size was 20×6m2. Corn and rice were separated according to the different organs, dried to constant weight , and grounded, the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total soluble reduced nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen, insoluble nitrogen , and total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed. The results indicate that the application of organic manure with chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased the growth and N uptake of rice and corn plants. There was no consistent relationship between the total amount of nitrogen applied and yield in rice and corn plants. In lowland condition, owing to the high degradation rate of Trifolium, the nitrogen availability of the GM + 1/3 N treatment was higher than that of Chem - N treatment. Among the treatments with applying the same amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen availability of GM + 1/3 N treatment was the greatest, that of Comp + 1/3 N treatment the next, and that of Peat + 1/3 N the least. On the contrary, in upland condition, the amount of N uptake in corn plant of Chem - N treatment was the greatest among the treatment. The N uptake of hog dung treated plot increased with the increasing applicat ion rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer . The amount of nitrogen uptake in GM + 1/3 N treatment was lower than that of Comp + 1/3 N treatment. The concentration of insoluble nitrogen, total soluble reduced nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen increased with the increasing application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in both crops. Ammonium nitrogen ( NH4 - N ) was the main species of nitrogen absorbed by rice plant, therefore, the con- centration of NH4 - N in rice plant increased with the increasing application rate of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Although the nitrate nitrogen(NO3 - N) was the main nitrogen source absorbed by corn plant, the NO3 - N concentra- tion in it was low except Chem - N and Comp + 2/3 N treatments. The uptake of P in rice plant increased with the increasing application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. However ,the uptake of P in corn plant of Comp treatment was the highest among the treatments. With the same application rate of chemical nitrogen fertil izer, the amount of P uptake in corn plant of hog dung compost treated-pl ot was the greatest, that of green manure treated-plot the next, and that of peat treated-plot the least. The K uptake in rice plant of GM + 1/3 N treatme nt was the highest, that of Chem - N treatment the next, and that of Peat + 1 /3 N the least. However, the K uptake in corn plant of Comp + 2/3 N treatm ent was the highest, that of Chem - N the next, and that of GM + 1/3 N the least. There was no significant difference in P and K con- centrations in various organs at different growth stages among treatments in both rice and co rn plants.