| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 昆蟲學研究所 === 87 === In this study, fundamental chemical composition of six components were found statistically different in royal jelly which went through three different treatments, high productivity, normal productivity, and low productivity. These six components are moisture, ash, carbohydrate, crute fat, crute protein, and 10-OH-δ-2-decenoic acid (10-HAD), and the differences are 65.16% ~ 66.25%, 1.09% ~ 1.21%, 9.02 ~ 11.77%, 2.01 ~ 3.09%, 13.70 ~ 14.58%, 1.13 ~ 1.38%, respectively. The basic larvae food (BLD) was made up of fresh royal jelly, glucose, fructose, yeast extract, and distilled water. Different BLDs were made up by different royal jelly that was treated under different treatment mentioned beforehand. One-day-old female larvae were fed with BLDs, and the survivorship to the next stage held between 74%~79%. The number of the queen caste was higher in the low productivity treatment than the other two treatments.
In order to find out the effect of the diet factor on the development of the larvae, the proportion of carbohydrate, yeast extract, and royal jelly was adjusted in the BLD. It was found that too high or too low proportion of carbohydrate and yeast extract has negative effects on the larval development. When there is 2% and 4% of yeast extract in the BLD, the survivorship of the adults is 85.7% and 64.3 %, including 19.2% and 50.0% queen caste adult. No adult obtained when fed royal jelly for all larval stage.
Taking larvae, which went though four different hatch periods as experimental material, it was found that hatch periods for 12 hours and 24 hours have larvae survivorship was 68.8% and 68.2%, respectively. For hatch periods of 36 hours and 48 hours the larval survival rate was 80.2% and 84.3%, respectively. Further, we design different BLDs to feed honeybee larvae for three caste. The result, showed the adult survival rate of worker caste, was over 80.0%, and all adults were workers. In queen assay, we had 46.3% queen caste adults, but the total adult proportion was 60% only. In drone assay, adult survival rate was 70.0% and 65.0%, respectively when one-day-old and two- days-old larvae fed on drone diet. In summary, in order to get the information of the larvae differentiation, the diet should be adjusted as larvae develop.
Fresh royal jelly was treated and stored under different temperature for different numbers of days, and was taken as the diet for the larvae. It was found that royal jelly which is stored at 4 degree Celsius for 30 days, or at 25 degree Celsius over 10 days is the more bad diet for larvae development. We used five royal jelly samples that collected from different beekeepers, and the larvae defecation rate was below 60% in one sample. In test of four dry royal jelly samples of larvae diet, when fed with larvae, no survival rate was found in one sample.
Behavior of the three caste honeybee adults were observed in the laboratory. The mating rate of queen was 20% and the recipient rate of workers and drones were 100%. All of these artificial reared honeybee adults from three castes acted and behaved normally in the beehive.
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