Indoor Air Pollution Factors and Primary lung cancer of Non-smoking Taiwanese Women

• Main Authors: Lee Chien-Hung, 李建宏
• Other Authors: Ko Ying-Chin
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2000
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46895027707651477871

博士 === 高雄醫學大學 === 醫學研究所 === 88 === Backgrounds :Cigarette smoking cannot fully explain the epidemiologic characteristics of lung cancer in Taiwanese women, who smoke rarely but have lung cancer relatively often. In the authors'' previous study, exposure to fumes from cooking oils and tobacco smoke appeared to be important risk factors for lung cancer in nonsmoking Taiwanese women. In this study series, the authors further explore the roles of oil fumes among lung cancer woman patients who cook, and assess the risk of lung cancer due to environmental tobacco smoke. We also conducted a cross-sectional study to survey a several of cooking condition and habits that Taiwanese women frequently used nowadays. Methods :The authors used three types of study designs to explore the study purposes, these methods were follows: (1) Two sets of controls were concurrently used. Study subjects included 131 nonsmoking incident cases with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed primary carcinoma of the lung, 252 hospital controls who were hospitalized for causes unrelated to smoking diseases, and 262 community controls; both controls were nonsmoking women matched by age and time of interview. (2) An age-matched hospital case-control study was designed. Information on passive smoking from all possible sources and life periods were obtained from interviews with 268 and 445 lifetime nonsmoking cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression and synergism ''S'' index were applied to the data to assess the independent and joint effects of passive smoking in different life stages while controlling for possible confounding variables. (3) A cross-sectional study was designed. The source population was defined as the great Kaohsiung area and stratified proportional sampling method was used to select samples with household as a sampling unit. In all, 975 women were interviewed, however, only 67.7% households were original samples. Chi-square and logistic regression model was used to assess the collected data. Results :In these studies, we have the following findings: (1) Subjects who usually waited until fumes were emitted from the cooking oil and then stir fried, fried, and deep fried had significantly higher risk of lung cancer (Adjusted ORs : 2.0-2.6). Among these women, those who did not use a fume extractor had consistently higher risk of lung cancer (adjusted ORs : 3.2-12.2). (2) Risks of contracting lung cancer among women near-distantly exposed to the highest level of environmental tobacco smoke in childhood (>20 smoker-years) and in adult life (>40 smoker-years) were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2-2.9) and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.4-3.7) fold higher than that among women being never exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, and the two variables accounted for about 37% of tumors in this nonsmoking female population. Children were found to be more susceptible to environmental tobacco smoke than adults and such early exposure was found to modify the effect of subsequent tobacco smoke exposure in adult life based on an additive interaction model. (3) There were significant cohort effects in cooking tool and appliance between age groups. The fume extractor in home kitchen usually was equipped at the height of 77.2±12.0 cm from oil surface. Women starting to cook when fumes unemitted from oils expectedly could reduce 28.0-31.9% of lung cancer incidence. Conclusions :A proportion of lung cancer may be attributable to the carcinogens derived from the cooking oil fumes emitted at high temperatures through inappropriate cooking habits. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure occurring in childhood potentate the effect of high doses of exposure in adult life in determining the development of lung cancer. To change the habit of starting to cook when fumes emitted from oils have the largest effect of preventing lung cancer incidence.