| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 大陸研究所 === 88 === Under the British colonial supervision, Hong Kong has successfully established a free market carrying Capitalism, a vivid media environment with great freedom of the press, and an independent justice system. The capitalism, the freedom of the press and the justice system are the three major reasons that make Hong Kong prosperous. After the sovereignty of Hong Kong returned to China in 1997, however, the freedom of the press cannot escape from the interference with the new political system.
Before the 1997 handover, the H.K. press initiated their self-censorship to prevent the China government’s future punishments. Also, through both its political power and economic influence, the China government has spread its propaganda to affect most H.K. media towards pro-china standpoints. On the other hand, the H.K. press has experienced a cut-throat competition during the pre-handover period, whose outcome reveals after the 1997, and expands the fever until now. That is, a complete market-oriented journalism turns the H.K. press to nothing but the sensation. This bizarre new “direction” shows that the freedom of the H.K. press seems not to be changed by the China’s one country and two systems policy. The H.K. press has less limitation on its sensational reports. In fact, the freedom of the press in H.K. has been abused.
However, the “space” of the freedom of the H.K. press has truly been reduced. Under the so-called one country and two systems, the freedom of the press in H.K. must follow the rules of the China─the one country, and to fit in both the communist and the capitalist systems. The freedom of the H.K. press is protected by the article 27 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong, and restricted by the article 23 at the same time. In other words, the freedom of the H.K. press after 1997 is a constricted freedom.
Ever since the Sino-British Joint Declaration signed in 1984, the influence of China’s one country and two systems policy has begun. The freedom of the press in Hong Kong changes by far before the year of 1997. The attitude of the H.K. press also started with against to China, and ended with yielding to the one country and two systems. Along with the transition of the sovereignty, the H.K. media now have managed their new way to survive.
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