| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺東師範學院 === 教育研究所 === 88 === Many researches in domestic and foreign showed that, background is an important variable to influence one''s education attainment, and education influence occupation attainment, income, and subjective social status. Besides, education is an important status mark in Taiwan. Therefore, whether educational opportunity equals or not became the focus which sociologists and educators concerned about. Economics development advanced education expansion in Taiwan, and there are more and more people accept higher education. Does it correspond to equal opportunity? Does everyone from different background own the equal opportunity to accept higher education? It deserves to explore.
According to the nationwide sample ﹙N=4313﹚“1997 Social Change Survey ─ Social Stratification Section”, which were the newest data collected by Academia Sinica. This study utilize multiple regression and logistic regression to explore the influence of background upon the higher educational opportunity? Basing on“whole sample”to explore the probability in school, including higher educational years and the probability in school. And then basing on“high school sample”,“junior college sample”,“college sample”to explore“the probability to enter higher school”. Otherwise, to explore whether background influences people to enter different tracking, ex: public or private college, practical or non-practical department. Moreover, to utilize“public college”,“practical department”as intervening variables to explore the mechanism which the influence of background upon the probability entering graduate school. The major findings are:
1. In“whole sample”, the younger, people who lived in urbanizer, whose father''s with higher occupation and parents with higher education, are easier to get probability in junior college﹙p<.05﹚. These variables influence the probability in college besides where people born and the age. Males’ are higher than females’ significantly, Mainlanders’ are higher than Hokkiens’ significantly, Aborigines’ are lower than Hokkiens’ significantly, Hokkas’ are not higher than Hokkiens’ significantly. Males and people whose mothers'' with higher education are easier to get the probability in graduate school.
2. In“high school sample”, females'' probability to enter college is lower than males. People whose fathers'' occupation and education higher are easier to get the probability to enter college.
3. In“junior college sample”, females'' probability to enter graduate school is lower than males’. People whose father with higher occupation and mother with higher education are easier to get the probability to enter graduate school.“Had studied in college”influences the probability to enter graduate school most. People whose mother with higher education are easier to get the probability in college, and it could promote the probability to enter graduate school.
4. In“college sample”, people who had ever studied in public college or majored in practical department, are easier to get the probability to enter graduate school. Fewer females were majoring in practical department, and it could reduce the probability to enter graduate school indirectly. More younger were majoring in practical department, and it could promote the probability to enter graduate school indirectly﹙p<.05﹚. People who lived in urbanizer or whose mother with lower education are easier to study in public college, and it could promote the probability to enter graduate school indirectly. After controlling these two intervening variables, people who lived in urban are easier to enter graduate school﹙p<.05﹚.
5. The influence of background upon the probability to enter higher school is reducing in higher education, but the gap of the educational probability between males and females is enlarging in higher education..
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