| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 環境工程學系 === 89 === The study was conducted to survey the emissions of air pollutants from motorcycle. Emission tests was carried out on a dynamometer following the designated test procedure of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls compounds were sampled by sampling bags and DNPH-Cartridge, respectively. Samples were derived from various driving patterns, including idle, acceleration, 30 km/hr cruise, 50 km/hr cruise, and deceleration. All test motorcycles(10 new and 15 in-use motorcycles) comply with Taiwan EPA’s phase 3 motorcycle emission standard. Besides, the ozone formation potentials of motorcycle emissions was evaluated by the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) index.
The results shows a great difference of air pollutant concentrations between new and in-use motorcycles. Foe new motorcycles, the emission factors of 2-/4-stroke engines were 0.91±0.17/0.36±0.09 g/km, 1.01±0.21/1.70±0.62 g/km and 0.03±0.01/0.19±0.05 g/km for HC, CO, and NOx, respectively. For in-use motorcycles, the emission factors of 2-/4-stroke engines were 2.29±1.08/0.67±0.61 g/km, 4.86±2.85/4.85±3.03 g/km and 0.004±0.004/0.16±0.07 g/km for HC, CO, and NOx, respectively. The emissions of CO and HC from in-use 2-stroke motorcycles were higher than the others.
For new and in-use motorcycles, the dominant VOCs species were isopentane(53、295 mg/Km, respectively), 2-methylpentane(75、83 mg/Km), 3-methylpentane(34、66 mg/Km), and toluene(30、100 mg/Km).The emission factors of VOCs for 2-/4-stroke motorcycles were 311/344(new) and 1479/433(in-use) mg/Km, respectively. Besides, the dominant carbonyls species for new and in-use motorcycles are formaldehyde(0.4、0.7 mg/Km, respectively), acetaldehyde(0.6、1.2 mg/Km), and acetone(0.5、0.7 mg/Km). The emission factors of carbonyls compounds for 2-/4-stroke motorcycles were 3.2/3.1(new) and 5.3/4.6(in-use) mg/Km, respectively.
The ozone formation potentials of motorcycle emissions, based on ECE test cycle, shows that the value of in-use motorcycles were higher than the others. Among all test motorcycles, the ozone formation potentials of in-use 2-stroke motorcycles were the highest(4.7 g-O3/Km) and the new 2-stroke motorcycles were the lowest one(0.9 g-O3/Km). The dominant VOCs species for the ozone formation potential from new and in-use motorcycles were propylene (65、502 mg-O3/Km, respectively), isopentane (98、501 mg-O3/Km), 2-methylpentane (152、167 mg-O3/Km), 3-methylpentane (79、253 mg-O3/Km), and toluene (127、398 mg-O3/Km). Besides, the dominant carbonyls species for new and in-use motorcycles were formaldehyde (4.1、6.2 mg-O3/Km, respectively), and acetaldehyde (4.8、9.0 mg-O3/Km)
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