| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 政治學研究所 === 90 === ABSTRACT
To begin with, I revise the analytical structure of social movements proposed by McAdam and other scholars. I come up with the analytical structure of lesbian and gay movements which consists of five elements: political opportunities, mobilizing structures, framing processes, economic ／social ／cultural transformation and other social movements. By means of this analytical structure, I analyze the functions of Hotline which relate to the following five issues:
a. The opportunities and limitations the political system gives to Hotline;
b. The way Hotline acquires necessary resources for development and the way Hotline uses those resources;
c. The targets of debates with which Hotline produces the framing and the media strategy with which the framing is distributed;
d. The impact of the economic ／social ／cultural transformation on the development of Hotline;
e. The interaction relations (learning from each other, cooperation, resource sharing and competition) with other social movement groups.
Furthermore, I analyze what sexual orientation discrimination in Taiwan means to lesbian and gay movements and the status quo of sexual orientation discrimination in Taiwan. I find that gay people are confronted both public and private sector discrimination. The issues of public sector discrimination include the indifference of the government to the needs and rights of gay citizens, the misuse of power and discriminative remarks of bureaucracy, illegal spot checks on gay-oriented shops and other places by the police, and discrimination of the government (as employers) against gay employees or applicants. The issues of private sector discrimination include the threats to the right of property and the security of person of gay people, stigmatization and the forced outings caused by the media, the employment discrimination in enterprises, the oppression gay teachers and students suffer at school, the opposition from conservative religious groups on gay rights, the gaze and violence family imposes on gay children, discrimination and stigmatization from academic studies, the violation of the freedom of residence and movement of gay people, and discrimination against gay customers. Sexual orientation discrimination in Taiwan has much to do with the establishment of Hotline and its work. By analyzing sexual orientation discrimination in Taiwan, the environmental context in which Hotline functions can be understood.
After analyzing the work of Hotline, I find that three factors affect the opportunities and limitations the political system gives to Hotline:
a. The oppression and indifference of the government to gay rights which trigger responses from Hotline;
b. The promotion of related policies by the central government which enhances the political opportunities of Hotline;
c. The dialogues with candidates in elections which allows them to be more acceptable to lesbian and gay movements.
When it comes to mobilizing structures, the resources Hotline needs most are human resource and funds. Hotline has volunteers, trainees and official workers. Four factors affect their dedication to Hotline: emotional bonding, working responsibilities, working experiences and personal conditions. The sources of the funds are: donations from the lesbian and gay community, funds from the government and United Way. After Hotline was officially registered in 2000, its effort is gradually gaining recognition, which contributes to the diversity of the sources of the funds.
As far as the framing processes are concerned, the specific targets of debates of Hotline are mass media, the government, mainstream guidance discourses and so on. In short, Hotline aims to break the bias and stereotype toward gay people. The framing processes of Hotline require the intervention and distribution of mass media. Therefore, I explore the relationship between Hotline and mass media and the media strategy of Hotline.
As far as the impact of the economic ／social ／cultural transformation are concerned, I mainly study the influence of capitalism, urbanization, traditional culture, and western discourse.
As far as other social movements are concerned, I analyze the interaction relations (learning from each other, cooperation, resource sharing and competition) with other lesbian and gay groups, other social movement groups, and anti-lesbian and gay movement groups..
keywords: lesbian and gay movement, political opportunities, mobilizing structures, framing processes, economic ／social ／cultural transformation, other social movements, public sector sexual orientation discrimination and private sector sexual orientation discrimination.
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