A Study on Hakkan Education in Ching Taiwan（1684-1895）

• Main Authors: Shu-mei Chiang, 江淑美
• Other Authors: Chou,Yu-wen
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2003
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48147487309421334191

碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 教育研究所 === 91 === The main purpose of this paper is to study the development of Hakkan education in Taiwan in the Ching Dynasty by the local chronicles , the official documents ,the works of gentry ,the genealogy（tzu-p''u） , the primers for elementary schools and so on . The main findings of this study are as follows： 1.The tradition of education was continued from motherland： they were respected highly to cultivate and study .It made the different family education for man and woman, and were regulated in the genealogy（tzu-p''u）,the family percepts , the buildings of ancestral halls, worshiped to Han Yu and valued the paper with words. They organized the Gong-Chang Organizations（blood relationships）or the Liu-Tui imperial examination association to support the education. 2.The most important institution to educate people was private schools: The opportunities of entering the official schools to Hakkan from Guangdong were less than the othose from Fujian. The Hakkan had supported or studied Minzhi Shuyuan（明志書院）（academy）and Yingcai Shuyuan（英才書院） in Ching Taiwan. The Wenying Sheh（文英社） is one of the Hakkan community schools（She-sheh）.The charity schools（I-sheh）were in Hencheng county. The private schools were popular in Ching Taiwan. Such as 向陽Shuyuan and the Lio family''s school. There were two primers for elementary schools educated by Hakka dialert, reflecting the Hakkan culture and tradition in Ching Taiwan. 3.The achievement of education was decided by the imperial examination qurata: The Hakka Juren （舉人）from Guangdong were 35 and added the 18 related Hakka Juren（舉人） from Fujian ,the total sum were 56.There were five Hakka Chin-Shihs .They concentrated in the late period Ching. 4.Education was a good way for upward the high social mobility: the Hakka would think highly of education and respect the people who were literacy or succeeded in the imperial examination .However ,the status of the Chin-Shihs（進士） and Juren（舉人） was not as good as we expected. There were several useful ways to keep or promote their status. One of them was to pay attention to educating of their next generation and have friendly relation or make relation by marriage with the other gentry. In short, the Hakkan kept their educational tradition. When they settled down in Taiwan, they studied hard by formal and non-formal education to strive for the high society. Obviously, their efforts were succeeded.