Studies on the effect of vitamin C derivatives and their interaction with other nutrients on growth performance, tolerance and immune responses of juvenile grass prawn, Penaeus monodon

• Main Authors: Min-Hsien Lee, 李民賢
• Other Authors: Shi-Yen Shiau
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2003
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35837952287585297471

博士 === 國立海洋大學 === 食品科學系 === 91 === The effects of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and its four derivatives namely, L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate (C2S), L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (C2PP), L-ascorbyl-2- monophosphate-Na (C2MP-Na) and L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Mg (C2MP- Mg), on the growth, immune responses, stress tolerances and disease resistances for juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, were investigated. The interaction between ascorbate and dietary vitamin E and copper (Cu) were also studied. Significantly (P<0.01) higher immune responses including total haemocyte count (THC), superoxide anion (O2-) production ratio and phenoloxidase (PO) activity, stress tolerances with nitrate (3,800 mg/L) and low salitity (0 ppt) exposed, and resistances against vibriosis (Vibrio damsela and V. vulnificus) infection were observed in shrimp fed diets supplemented with either adequate or high level (5X adequate) of ascorbate than shrimp fed the vitamin C deprived control diet regardless of the ascorbate source. Shrimp fed high ascorbate containing diets had higher vitamin C concentration in tissue (heapatopancreas and muscle) and disease resistances than shrimp fed diets with adequate level of ascorbate. Among the ascorbate sources, shrimp fed C2MP-Mg and C2PP containing diets had higher THC than shrimp fed AA, C2S and C2MP-Na containing diets. The vitamin C concentration in tissue and the effects of ascorbate derivatives on resistance against vibriosis infection are in the order of : AA = C2PP = C2MP-Mg > C2MP-Na > C2S, regardless of the supplementation level. Graded levels of dietary copper (Cu) (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 80, 160 mg Cu/kg) and dietary vitamin E (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg vitamin E/kg) were each fed to the shrimp to quantify their requirements. Analysis by polynomial regression of WG (weight gain), feed efficiency and by linear regression of the whole-body Cu retention of shrimp indicated that the adequate dietary Cu concentration in growing P. monodon is about 15-21 mg Cu/kg. The immune indicators (THC and O2- production ratio) suggest that an adequate dietary Cu concentration for immune responses is about 10-30 mg Cu/kg. Polynomial regression analysis of WG, THC and hepatopancreatic vitamin E concentration of the shrimp indicated that a level of 85-89 mg vitamin E/kg is required for maximal growth and immune responses of P. monodon. The interaction of vitamin C (C2MP-Mg) with either adequate or high (8X adequate) dietary Cu indicated that increase of dietary vitamin C improved growth and immune responses and prevented tissue Cu accumulation in P. monodon fed with high dietary Cu. A 3 x 3 factorial study in which shrimp were fed either low (1/2 adequate, 20mg/kg), adequate (40 mg/kg) or high (5X adequate, 200 mg/kg) vitamin C (C2MP-Mg) diets and each with low (1/4 adequate, 25), adequate (100 mg/kg) and high (4X adequate, 400 mg/kg) vitamin E (DL-α-TOA) revealed that hepatopancreatic and muscle vitamin E concentrations were increased as dietary vitamin C increased. Tissue thiobabituric acid value decreased as dietary vitamin C increased. Increasing of dietary vitamin C improved growth, immune responses (THC, O2- and superoxide dismutase) and vibriosis resistance (V. damsela) for shrimp fed with low and high vitamin E diets. In summary, this study demonstrates that vitamin C and its derivatives, copper and vitamin E are immunostimulant for P. monodon. Increase of dietary ascorbate derivatives enhances resistance of P. monodon against vibriosis infection. The immune stimulating effects and disease resistance of P. monodon by ascorbate derivatives are in the order of C2MP-Mg=C2PP>C2MP-Na=C2S. High C2MP-Mg level increased copper antagonism effect and improves copper-related immunotoxicity. Increase of C2MP-Mg show a vitamin E sparing effect on growth, immune responses and disease resistance of P. monodon. The hepatopancreatic and muscle vitamin C concentration may used as disease resistance indicator for P. monodon.