| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣科技大學 === 設計研究所 === 91 === The purpose of this study is to understand what hells in different religions look like. Visual descriptions of hells are analyzed through a literature review of Hinduism, Buddhism and Daoism, indicating common and unique attributes of those non-existing worlds.
Hells seem to be places vast and dark, full of hot, sharp, terrible, rancid and poisonous dangers. People in hells suffer from punishments such as being squeezed and hit and feel pain and disgust. Prisoners of hells are enslaved, beaten, as well as constrained in places filled with horrible and weird atmospheres. Monsters emerge from nowhere, and torture the sinners to their hearts’content.
Cultures and religions differ between geographical locations, as do hells. The Hell of Coldness, for example, exists only in Buddhism and Daoism which are predominantly found in Northern Asia. Since India is tropical, feeling cold can hardly be conceptualized as punishment. Insects, on the other hand, play an important role in Hindu hell, but can rarely be found in Buddhism and Daoism. Cultural differences also lead to different punishments. Violation of the Varnashrama-Dharma system is emphasized in Hinduism, while Confucianism and Yin-Yang to a certain extent determine the hellish doctrines of Chinese hells.
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