| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 環境工程學系 === 92 === Environmental mycobacteria which are also called atypical mycobacteria or nontbuerculosis mycobacteria (NTM), are common on saprophytes in all ecosystems, including water, soil, food, and dust. Some species are pathogenic for humans and animals, including pulmonary and cutaneous, lymphadenitis, especially in the growing immunodeficient population. NTM infections are transmitted by ingestion, inhalation, and inoculation from environmental sources. There is increasing evidence which suggestes that drinking water is the vehicle by which mycobacteria infect or colonize the human body. In a number of causes, mycobacterial species (M. kansasii, M. fortuitum, M. avium, and M. porcinum) have been recovered from drinking water or patients. Mycobacteria have been isolate from public systems, hot and cold water taps, and ice machines. NTM can colonize, survive, persist, grow, and multiply in drinking water.
In present drinking water management statutes, the numbers of E. coli cannot confirm the relationship of public health. Mycobacteria have high resistance of chlorine, can across the water treatment lines in to the water distribution systems. In this study, we collect drinking water in eight health center and a house in Taichung. According to the results, it show that the growth of NTM were necessary to cultivate for 4-8 weeks in the traditional medium. The cultivated time could become to 2 weeks in the commercial medium - Middelbrook 7H9. The accuracy of acid-fast stain was only 72%. It can be explained that the microorganism are very complex in the environment. The phenomenon indicated that this method was not suitable for analyzing the NTM in the environmental samples. In the results of molecular biological methods, it indicated the existence of NTM could be detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in 24 hours. Primer My 264 and My 285 can be successful identification of mycobacterial. In primer My 259 and My 285 to amplify the fragment is to similarity to unsuccessful identification the mycobactial.
In this study, mycobacteria isolated from the drinking water which included M. porcinum, M. wolinskyi, M. dvualii, and M. mucogenicum, respectively. All of these four species of mycobacteria belong to the fast-growth group. M porcinum and M. dvualii were saprophytic mycobacteria. No significant correlations were found among the presence of mycobacteria, the origin of water, pH, DO, TOC, and age of sample.
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