| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 歷史學系碩博士班 === 92 === Qichao Liang(梁啟超), “the chosen of God” in the arena of public opinion, whose literary style is beautiful both in sentiments and in their expressions, always involve and lead the contemporary trend of ideas. His philosophy established during the period of the 1898 reform movement(戊戌維新) could not, on one hand, avoid the impact of trends of thought in those days; on the other hand, it was benefited from his teacher, Youwei Kang(康有為) and bosom friends, Tsiyou Xa(夏曾佑), Sitong Tan(譚嗣同), Zunxian Huang(黃遵憲), Fu Yan(嚴復) and so on. Of these backgrounds, Liang had a strong tendency to denounce absolute monarchism from a point of view of “gregariousness and ungregariousness” (群與獨), and “justice and selfishness” (公與私), and sought after by advocating educating people and gregariousness the realization of representative government ––government of the people, by the people, for the people––. All of these ideas, called “gregariousness”, has been an systematic and organic whole. It is fair to attribute this idea, though integrated and expanded by Liang, to his teachers, elders and friends rather than to his original thoughts, the philosophy of “gregariousness”, however, has been spread out far away by “Shiwu bao(時務報)” as the propaganda and his participation in the reform movement in Hunan.
While Liang’s being the chief editor of “Shiwu bao”, the Hunan’s reformation whose content basically followed Self-strengthening movement(自強運動) was proceeding. As “gregariousness” spreading out, the reform movement was gradually pushed onto the road of democratization by some gentries in Hunan, particularly reformers influenced by Liang’s philosophy such as Sitong Tan(譚嗣同), Caichang Tang(唐才常) and so on; this unsatisfied and made into fury some other reformers, Hsien-chien Wang(王先謙) for example. Finally, reformers in Hunan was split into two parties with different belief and soon the whole reform movement was leaded into serious internal disputes. If it is Liang’s philosophy of “gregariousness” cause, either directly or indirectly, the status of split, it is also his contribution sowing the seeds of democracy in Hunan.
The organization of the dissertation is following. The author shall in the first chapter present through all Liang’s life the role played by “gregariousness” and the relation between Liang and Hunan. In chapter 2, the description of ferment and the study of development of Liang’s philosophy of gregariousness are given. Ii is also investigated in chapter 3 that how the philosophy of gregariousness relates to Hunan’s reformer. The renovation of “gregariousness” and its impact are discussed in the final chapter.
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