Relationship between birth defects and air pollution.

• Main Authors: Bing-Yu Chen, 陳秉鈺
• Other Authors: Yue-Liang Guo
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2004
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42027230030593560337

碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 環境醫學研究所 === 92 === Background 　　Congenital anomalies are important medical and public health conditions. However, occurrence rate and risk factors are unknown in Taiwan. We used the medical practitioner-reported birth registry between 2001 and 2002 and the measurements from ambient air monitoring stations between 2000 and 2002 to determine the occurrence rate of individual congenital anomalies and their association with identified risk factors such as maternal age, fetal gender, plurality, and air pollutions. Methods 　　The medical practitioner-reported birth registry was started in 2001 in Taiwan. We obtained this registry from the Department of Health, and translated the coding of congenital anomalies to ICD-9-CM. The occurrence rates of individual congenital anomalies were calculated. Each subject’s average monthly sulfur dioxides, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of less than10μm (PM10) exposure estimates during pregnancy were caculated. In addition, the levels of air pollutants for the time of conception and one month period prior to conception were also calculated. The effects of maternal age, fetal gender, plurality, and air pollutions on the occurrence of congenital anomalies were calculated by multiple logistic regression, factor analysis, and multiple linear regressionand to estimated odds ratios and β value. Results 　　There were total 491,525 live and deceased births delivered between 2001 and 2002 in Taiwan, sex ratio was 107:100, the mean birth weight was 3,088 grams, the mean gestational age was 38 weeks, and the mean maternal age was 28 years. The occurrence rate of birth defects was 6.87 0/00 and is highest in musculoskeletal system anomalies. 　　We found total nervous system, total cardiovascular system, ventricular septal defect, and chromosomal anomalies were associated with maternal age of 35 years and older. Female births had more cleft palate, and risk for digestive system anomalies, uriogenital system anomalies, and musculoskeletal system anomalies were higher for males. Risk for chromosomal anomalies was higher for singleton, on the other hand, nervous system anomalies, cardiovascular system anomalies, and hypospadias were significantly more common in multiple birth. 　　We found Down’s syndrome was associated with the time one month period prior to conception sulfur dioxides exposure (odds ratio(OR)4th quartile,0.42, 95％confidence interval (CI): 0.19-0.86) and the time of conception ozone exposure (OR3rd quartile, 2.47; 95%CI, 1.21-5.45 ) , we also found cleft plate was associated with third-month PM10 exposure (OR2nd quartile, 2.21; 95%CI, 1.08-4.89 )。After adjust by factor analysis, we can’t found any relationship between traffic-related and fossil fuel combustion-related pollutants exposure and the occurrence of Down’s syndrome, cleft lip, cleft plate, and left lip/cleft plate. We also found there were no relationship between site-specific average annual air pollutants exposure and any occurrence of birth defects. Conclusions 　　Maternal age, fetal gender, and plurality were associated with the occurrence of birth defects. Birth defects were also associated with air pollutants exposure, but lack of dose-response effect.