| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立東華大學 === 環境政策研究所 === 92 ===
Along with the rapid development of industrialization in the last couple of decades, global environmental problems surfaced as well. Ozone depletion, climate change, transboundary movement of hazardous waste, resource depletion, and biodiversity conservation are some of the better-known examples. As the global environmental awareness took shape, environmental problems have become the central attention of all stakeholders, and have contributed directly or indirectly to the establishment of many international organization or international agreements. As international trade is the most widely-used economic tool, many multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) have chosen to employ trade measures to tackle environment problems.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposl, and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety are the most widely-known MEAs. This research hopes to analyze various trade measures employed in these four MEAs in order to provide policy suggestions when the government considers taking trade measures to achieve environmental protection objectives, and considers whether to participate in any MEA.
The research concludes that: substantive and procedural trade measures are used simultaneously by MEAs in both the categories of biological conservation and pollution control. In addition, each MEA examined employed complementary measures regarding exchange of information, such as submitting relevant data to either the Secretariat or other bodies under the MEA so that contracting parties and non-parties can obtain any latest information concerning domestic regulations and implementation.
Although Taiwan is a non-Party to most MEAs, trade measures taken by MEAs still have great influence on Taiwan. In order to avoid being trade sanctioned, Taiwan should have a full understanding on all the relevant and latest regulations under various MEAs so that response can be taken as early as possible. Moreover, although Taiwan participates actively in the international environmental affairs, voluntarily complies with MEAs, and set down relevant laws and regulations, transparency still has room for improvement. Therefore, Taiwan's laws and regulations must be made publicly available as fully as possible.
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