| Summary: | 博士 === 國立中山大學 === 電機工程學系研究所 === 92 === Charge equalization is a major issue in the service of batteries since they are frequently connected in series to obtain higher output voltage levels for most applications. With series connection, imbalance may happen to the operating batteries during either charging or discharging periods. The imbalance among batteries concerns the operating efficiency and the battery lifetime. The main object of this dissertation is to solve the problem of charge inequality.
The importance of charge equalization is first addressed. The problem is demonstrated by experiments of charging/discharging processes. Then, the techniques of battery charging and charge equalization are reviewed.
To improve charge equalization, a dynamic balance charging scheme is developed on the basis of buck-boost conversion. The balance charging scheme can be realized by two configurations, that is, “forward allotting” or “backward allotting” configurations. The circuits are composed of several duplicated subcircuits and operated by digital control kernel, therefore, they are easy to be applied on battery sets with different numbers of batteries. By dynamically re-allocating the energy drawing from satiated batteries and allotted to hungry ones, the series-connected batteries can reach balance state more efficiently.
The balance charging circuits can be employed during off-line or even discharging. However, on observing that the output voltage will vary in a big range when the battery set is discharged, the charge equalization can be integrated with voltage regulation on the output. Evolve from this idea, a balance discharging circuit topology based on multi-winding transformer is proposed.
The experiments in this dissertation are carried out on lead-acid batteries, therefore, the reactions and characteristics of lead-acid batteries are discussed. However, the proposed circuits are not restricted to be applied on lead-acid batteries only. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analyses and manifest the effectiveness of the designed circuits.
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