| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 哲學研究所 === 92 === The purpose of this thesis is studying Spinoza’s political philosophy from the aspect of tolerance. Human beings gather as a society by nature, and the vital virtue to unite people as a social body is tolerance. But how could this virtue be possible? To Spinoza, the answer to this question can be found through an adequate understanding of human nature.
In this thesis I follow Spinoza’s thoughts, from Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Ethica to Tractatus Politicus, and attempt to prove that Spinoza’s political philosophy is a theory with the notion of tolerance at its center. Such a theory came from Spinoza’s reflections on Hebrews’ history: political body which values tolerance shall prosper, but those who rebel against the virtue of tolerance will all fall. Spinoza found that such a phenomena is a result of human nature, because all human beings are affected by affects, so that the actual virtue of tolerance should rely on the basis of human affects, and a good political body may be established according to such a principle.
Hence, I propose that Spinoza’s political philosophy is a totally humane theory. Furthermore, such a theory not only conforms to our experiences, but also leads to human freedom, and is helpful to make the state an organized compassionate totality.
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