| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 大陸研究所 === 93 === Abstract
As Marx said, workers can fight owing to their impoverishment. So before the Chinese Communist Party taking the sovereignty, the unions and working class played the part as the vanguard.
During the primary phase in building the sovereignty, the Chinese Communist Party still gave certain weight to the union. Trade Unions Act, Land Reform Law, and Marital Law called three principal law in primary phase were all adopted. But as the public ownership of socialism was set up, the unions were marginalized because the formation of “unit” system. Besides, under the extreme thoughts of “Left”, legal nihilism interfered in the development of national legal system. When “Revolutionary Labor Convention” replaced the local and basic unions during the Cultural Revolution, the unions had functioned nothing to zero.
After the 11th The Third Plenary Session of the Communism Central Executive Committee, the political and economical reformation led to relation’s transformation between the party and labor. It then prompted the collapse of social control by nation. Furthermore, to expand the non-state-run industry needs to organize union. In addition, workers’ demonstration in Poland in July 1980 and the appeals for democratization in Tian''anmen Square in 1989 both influenced the labor movement quite much at that time. But the unions in China were not fully recovered and developed until the economic globalization, especially being a member of WTO. That forced the Chinese Communist Party to adjust the labor right policy. And by reforming the unions, the Chinese Communist Party attained to the independence, democracy and publicity of the unions. But in order to attract foreign investment and develop the economics, Chinese Communist Party did not apply enough measures to the non-state-run industries. The rate of organization in non-state-run industries can not be compared with state-run ones.
After reformation and openness, the change in labor relation made protecting labor’s legal rights the most principal obligation and function out of unions’ four functions. And all they mainly through the followings to attain this. 1. participating the legislation and policy making; 2.involving in the negotiation between the labor, capital and official; 3.signing the collective contract under equal negotiations; 4.settling the labor dispute etc. At higher level, the unions may participate the politics.At lower level, labor convention inside the industry is also a basic form to organize the labor participate the democracy. By which the labor will practice the autonomy .
The workers’ rights in China will not be worse than the ones in capitalist countries if the unions there can really exercise the rights endowed with law. But in reality, the exercise of the unions must be based on the operative principles .That is, “the unions’ activities should concentrate on the economic buildup and insist the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party”. Therefore, under such considerations labor’s rights may be sacrificed. And as the Chinese scholar Feng said, the unions or labor convention in China are more functional than beneficial ones.
|
|---|
