A Study for the Space Layout of Buddhism temple from Vijñapti-Mātratā Viewpoint －Examples of Dharma Drum Mountain﹐Chung-tai Temple﹐Fo Guang Shan and Ling Jiou Mountain

• Main Authors: Shu-Chuan Hsu, 許素娟
• Other Authors: Kuang-Hui Peng
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2005
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pxw6u8

碩士 === 國立臺北科技大學 === 建築與都市設計研究所 === 93 === Buddhism originated from India. In the beginning it did not involve any specific architectural forms. After the passing of Buddha, Buddhism temples were mainly pagodas. Early Buddhism temples in China did not follow any particular architectural codes. Residences were often dedicated as temples. During the South-and-North Dynasties, Buddhism temples were erected after the “pagoda-front-sanctuary-back” format. The attached picture of the Sila of Altar of Iconographic Sutra in Tang Dynasty for the first time switched the positions of the pagoda and the sanctuary, making “Buddha’s Sanctuary” the main structure of the temple. Following the Tang Dynasty, Buddhism temples were mostly after Buddhism’s concept of the universe. The central axis and the sanctuary court became the center pieces, which signified the establishment of the Buddhism kingdom. Zen temples and forests emerged during mid-Tang Dynasty. The format was mainly residential. During the Japanese reign, the tenet of Japanese Buddhism was introduced and Japanese-style Buddhism temples were built. Taiwanese Buddhism originated mainly from Fujien Province. At present Buddhism temples can be divided into several types: 1.Southern Fujien style; 2.Vegetarian’s style; 3.Local Japanese style or those transplanted from Japan; 4.Folklore style; 5.Western style. Part of Dharma Drum Mountain building clusters were Chinese style. The space layouts of Fo Guang Shan and Chung-tai Temple were organized completely after Buddhism’s concept of the universe. The difference is that in Chung-tai Temple the space is centralized vertically in a high-rise building. Ling Jiou Mountain indirectly inherits the layout of Chinese Buddhism temples. The layouts of Dharma Drum Mountain, Chung-tai Temple and Ling Jiou Mountain have been greatly affected by topographic features. The space layouts of the case subjects about mental state characteristics, the environment and main tenets contain: 1. In terms of space organization, the spatial features of Dharma Drum Mountain are presented through the “Primary features”of Zen Buddhism. The spatial features of Fo Guang Shan are demonstrated via Tushita’s “Uncontaminated Heaven” and the “Heaven on Earth” as a result of Maitreya’s birth on earth. In Chung-tai Temple, the hierarchical order of “from the ordinary to the saint” shows the spatial characteristics. In Ling Jiou Mountain it is the demonstration of “to practice Buddhist in order.” 2. In terms of the practices and mental states to be represented, Dharma Drum Mountain centers on Zen Buddhism’s “sudden realization;” Fo Guang Shan, Chung-tai Temple and Ling Jiou Mountain teach “step-by-step practices” for attaining the ultimate bodhi. 3. In terms of spatial environment, Dharma Drum Mountain is based on the concept that “the land will be purified if the mind is purified;” Fo Guang Shan and Chung-tai Temple teach attainment of the stage of “pure land of self-mind and the spiritual region of Buddha” through “ten good deeds;” Ling Jiou Mountain is based on “an initial approach to become a Buddhist believer of contemplation of the body.”