Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in the Stack Flue Gases of Emission Sources and in the Environmental Media of a Highly Industrialized Urban Area

• Main Authors: Min-Hong Liu, 劉敏宏
• Other Authors: Wen-Jhy Lee
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2006
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21993047298348888539

碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 環境工程學系碩博士班 === 94 === In order to understand the influences of surrounding environments from PCDD/Fs emission sources in the Y industrial zone, the following PCDD/Fs emission sources were investigated: two large-scale municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI1 and MSWI2); one small-scale municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI3); two industrial waste incinerators (IWI1 and IWI2); one medical waste incinerator (MWI); five electric furnaces (EAFs); four sinter planes (SINTERs); one coke oven plane (COKE); one cement kiln (CEMENT); two secondary aluminum smelters (ALS1 and ALS2); and, one secondary copper smelter (COP). By the investigations of these PCDD/Fs in the stack flue gas of emission sources, the overall emission quantity of PCDD/Fs from the Y industrial zone and the congener profiles in the stack flue gas was estimated. Furthermore, we chose ten sampling sites to investigate PCDD/Fs concentrations in ambient air‚ leaves and soil around the Y industrial zone and the non-industrial zone. By the comparisons between the PCDD/Fs concentrations in environmental media and the PCDD/Fs concentrations from PCDD/Fs emission sources using cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the influence of these emission sources on the surrounding environment was assessed. The concentration means from the stack flue gases were as follows: large-scale MSWIs, 0.0632ng I-TEQ/Nm3; small-scale MSWI, 0.239ng I-TEQ/Nm3; IWIs, 0.145ng I-TEQ/Nm3; MWI, 1.64ng I-TEQ/Nm3; EAFs, 0.477ng I-TEQ/Nm3; SINTERs, 0.326ng I-TEQ/Nm3; COKE, 0.00870ng I-TEQ/Nm3; CEMENT, 0.0138ng I-TEQ/Nm3; ALSs, 0.0504ng I-TEQ/Nm3; and, COP 0.310ng I-TEQ/Nm3. The emission factors of PCDD/Fs from the stack flue gases were as follows: large-scale MSWIs, 0.750 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste; small-scale MSWI, 0.874 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste; IWIs, 3.30 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste; and MWI, 16.7 μg I-TEQ/ton-waste. The emission factors of PCDD/Fs from the stack flue gases were as follows: EAFs, 3.64 μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock; SINTERs, 0.455 μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock; COKE, 0.0134 μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock; CEMENT, 0.00891 μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock; ALSs, 1.40 μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock; and, COP, 0.735 μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock. The estimated total annual emission of PCDD/Fs from these emission sources in the Y industrial zone was 13.1 g I-TEQ/yr (large-scale MSWIs, 0.885%; small-scale MSWIs, 0.0188%; industrial waste incinerators, 0.114%; medical waste incinerators, 0.215%; electric furnaces, 33.9%; sinter planes, 64.0%; coke oven planes, 0.197%; cement kilns, 0.0922%; secondary aluminum smelters, 0.162%; and secondary copper smelters, 0.409%). The analytical results revealed that the annual emission of PCDD/Fs from metallurgical processes reached a maximum value in the Y industrial zone. The sum of annual emission from EAFs and SINTERs was 97.9%. The PCDD/Fs average concentrations of ambient air for four seasons around the Y industrial zone were 0.0765, 0.0707, 0.132 and 0.0903 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. The distribution curve of PCDD/Fs concentrations for four seasons indicates that the area downwind of the EAFs and SINTERs had higher PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air. And as a result we concluded that the PCDD/Fs concentrations of ambient air around the Y industrial zone were affected by the EAFs and SINTERs. The PCDD/Fs average concentrations of leaves for four seasons around the Y industrial zone were 7.85, 3.17, 5.41, and 10.6 ng I-TEQ/kg. From the distribution curve of PCDD/Fs concentrations of the first season, we found that the area downwind of the EAFs and SINTERs had higher PCDD/Fs levels in the leaves. And as a result we concluded that the PCDD/Fs concentrations of leaves from the first season around the Y industrial zone were affected by the EAFs and SINTERs. The distribution curve of PCDD/Fs concentrations of leaves from the second, third and fourth seasons seems to be intimate with other pollution sources. The edges of H and J sampling sites had higher PCDD/Fs levels in leaves. The PCDD/Fs average concentrations of soil for four seasons around the Y industrial zone were 6.08, 5.78, 10.2, and 11.3 ng I-TEQ/kg. The distribution curve of PCDD/Fs concentrations for four seasons seems to be intimate with other pollution sources and the edges of H and J sampling sites had higher PCDD/Fs levels in the soil.