| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立東華大學 === 族群關係與文化研究所 === 94 === Abstract
The study takes “Budai,” the biggest tribe of western Rukai aborigines which is booming in aboriginal tourism of late years, as a case to explore such aboriginal tribe’s dilemma of cultural change and its conflict, in the process of contextual presentation about Rukai culture through the way of tourist industry built by ethnical images. The research tries to fully apprehend that: (1)What are positive and negative effects to the Rukai ethnic group and the tribespeople in the process of developing tourist industry? (2)What are those interior and exterior conflict factors in the process of developing tourism for Budai Tribe? (3)The noble families can’t stand upon their dignity in Budai tribe because of change of times, production methods and tools, this may affect allocation of tribe’s resources, what is it? (4)Tribespeople in the process of interpreting their own tribe’s resources activities with different viewpoints, this may bring to a crisis on “representation of ethnic culture,” what is it? (5)How do tribespeople, under the tourism development framework of Budai tribe, have their autonomy on cultural interpretation and possibility on cultural development?
By way of questionnaire, participant observation and depth interview, the study has 5 main findings as follows:
1. Tourism development has been brought various economic benefits for the tribe such as the increase of local employment opportunities, the return-home absorption of some tribespeople who work outside and the succession of local Rukai culture. Besides, for high exposure of the tribe, Budai tribe can quickly get much more outside assistance when it faced typhoon’s destuction.
2. Cutural presentation and change: during the process of tourism development, Budai tribespeople deeply pride themselves on their own tribe’s clean and pleasant environment and their traditional architecture “sheet stone house” with abundant Rukai culture; they have high identifacation upon self ethnic characteristics. However, in the process of presenting the culture, an exterior features orientation much more than an interior spirituality presentation makes traditional Rukai culture change quickly. For example, tribespeople’s wardrobe and decorations and their own house’s fitments and arrangements tend toward individualism, not traditionally pragmatic cultural meanings.
3. Tourism development induces some exterior conflicts/influences, e.g., some tourists are litterbugs and make much noise that ruins the tribe’s original cleanness and pleasantness; some visitors break into houses of the tribespeople and take away their household effects that brings tribespeople a strongly bad impression. Meanwhile, some interior conflicts/influences also happened such as tribespeople face inequalities of sharing touristic and financial aids resources, interpersonal interaction among tribespeople are affected by business competition, traditional architecture and wardrobe no more abolutely follow the past norm, and tribespeople’s identification for the ethnic culture are also affected by tourism development.
4. Problems of rebuilding new culture tradition: some part of traditional culture in aboriginal tribes, as the time passed by, has been innovated. But, if the contents of innovational culture cannot correspond to those merits-owners who have been contributed to the tribe, the traditional value of “enjoy to share and share alike” in Budai Rukai ethnic group may be failed gradually.
5. It is strongly suggested that to discuss and form, by way of all tribespeople participation, the contents of succession and norm for new Rukai culture in order to let the particular Rukai ethnical culture in Budai tribe be succeeded and surviving.
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