| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺中教育大學 === 環境教育研究所 === 94 === The purpose of this research was to establish a conceptual model integrating perceived freedom in leisure, leisure constraint and leisure participation and examining on National Taichung University students. The specific objectives were as follows: 1. to understand National Taichung University students’ perceived freedom in leisure, leisure constraint and leisure participation; 2. to explore the relationships among students’ sociodemographic characters, perceived freedom in leisure, leisure constraint and leisure participation; and 3. to examine and validate the structural relationships among perceived freedom in leisure, leisure constraint and leisure participation.
A total of 1019 valid questionnaires were collected through face-to-face survey at National Taichung University. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, the first part was perceived freedom in leisure which included 15 questions comprising 2 constructs (perceived leisure competence, and perceived leisure control); the second was leisure constraint included 17 questions comprising 3 constructs (intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, and structural constraints); the third part was leisure participation which 40 questions comprising 6 constructs (mass media, cultural activities, sports, social engagements, outdoor recreation, and personal hobbies); and the forth part was student’s sociodemographic characters.
The calibration (510 subjects) and validation samples (509 subjects) were randomly selected. The overall model evaluation for the calibration sample model was reasonably fit the data (GFI=0.95, SRMR=0.061, RMSEA=0.074, CFI=0.95), and stability (ΔMFFχ2=9.54, df=23, p＞0.05). After conducting the Structural Equation Modeling, the results showed that students’ perceived freedom in leisure positively and significantly influenced leisure participation (γ=0.40, p<0.05); leisure constraint negativly and significantly influenced participation (γ=-0.14, p<0.05); but the relationship between perceived freedom in leisure and leisure constraint was insignificant (Φ=0.07, p<0.05). The structural relationships of the calibration sample model were tested by the validation sample to fulfill cross-validation requirements. The difference of minimum fit function chi-square (ΔMFFχ2) between the tight replication strategy model and loose replication strategy model was 9.54 (df=23, p＞0.05), indicating the stability of this model.
We suggest the research could discuss perceived freedom in leisure, leisure constraint, and leisure participation with leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction, leisure motivation, and negotiation to more identify with the participation of leisure.
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