| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 政治學研究所 === 94 === The government is tightly involved in its banking business of circulation of currency and control of capital which has profound impacts on Taiwan’s social and economic stability and development. Therefore, the government adopts all the measurements to more severely control or manage the banking business than any other kind of business; nonetheless, the characteristics of political and economic regimes and structures, actually really influence the ways to control banks.
This thesis takes up the historical analysis in a political- economic approach to studying the four stages of development for Taiwan’s banking business under the changes of different regimes and financial policies from 1945 to 2006. From 1945 to 1960, the “strong authoritarian regime” implemented highly rigid controlled policies in the political and economic system to facilitate stability and development of the country; therefore the government-own banks monopolized all the banking business. From 1960 to 1987, because of the tremendous economic growth in Taiwan, private capital was hugely accumulated and increased banks’ influences gradually. The “less strong authoritarian regime” loosened several restrictions in the banking system, such as allowing a few privileged private banks to be established as a gesture, but the substance in the regime still aggressively struggled to execute the existing financial interfering measurements. From 1987 to 2000, following the lifting of Martial Law and releasing the restriction for forming political parties, this trend of international liberalization, the dramatical democratic transformation of Taiwan’s regime, executing the ‘open-door policy in finance, private banks competitively appeared in the banking system on a large scale. From 2000 to 2006, after the KMT(Kuomintang) lost the 2000 Presidential Election to the DPP(Democratic Progressive Party), Taiwan stepped into the era of democratic consolidation. The DPP government appealed to launch financial reforms. Since then, Taiwan’s banking business has been drastically conducting merges and acquisitions, completely transforming banking business.
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