| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立雲林科技大學 === 文化資產維護系碩士班 === 94 === Incense burners can be divided into three categories. One is called “zhi xiang”
lu(including “jing lu”), which is put on the table, and also can be called “gong lu”
and “zuo lu”. Another is called “bing xiang lu”. The last kind is called“ding xiang
lu” (including “tian gong lu”). The materials of the incense burners can be gold,
silver, copper, iron, jade, stone, ivory, argil, basalt, enamel and so on. This
investigation is according to the field study in the Yunlin and Chiayi areas. The
third-class and second-class historic contents of the investigation include the incense
burners of 76 temples in Chiayi. As for Yunlin, 55 second-class and third-class
temples are included. The forms of the incense burners in those temples are studied
objectively,including the sculpture, pictures analysis, materials, shapes, sizes,
structure, paintings,literary records and year ascertainment. They are studied in
order to set up more complete information and a full understanding of incense burners.
The below are the results of the investigation:
1.The sizes of incense burners which are used in temples are far different from the
ones used at homes. The general sizes of incense burners are 5 .5decimetre and
6 decimetre. However, the sizes of incense burners in temples are made accordingto the custom. Therefore, the width and length of “tian gong lu” is from 15
decimetre to 35 decimetre, “jing lu” is from 2.5 decimetre to 3-4 decimetre,
and burners made of copper is from 3.5 decimetre to 6 decimetre.
2.The general location of incense burners is the centre of altars where has Chinese
characters, the front hall of the temple, or the square in front of the temple, such as
“tian gong lu”.
3.Copper, bronze, tin, and marble are used largely as the materials of incense burners.
Stone and iron are not used so often.
4.According to the characters on incense burners, people can know when it was made
and who are the donors or producers. People can also infer the deity of the temple
from those characters. They can derive the religions, customs, lifestyles, and the
art craft at that time from the forms of incense burners.
5.The evolution of the forms of incense burners is influenced and restrained by the
three religions—Confucianism,Buddhism, and Taoism and the believers’
imagination. However, the sizes of incense burners are neither strongly restricted
nor characterized to be nobler or not.
6.Anaglyph is the most common seen on “tian gong lu”, carving is the second
common, and empty sculp is the third common. As for burners made of stone,
deep sculp picture is used largely on it, anaglyph is the second, and other skills are
the least common. Anaglyph is also used mainly on burners made of copper and
tin, the second common is the one without any pictures, and the least common is
the one with deep sculp picture and others. “trun lu” , which has pictures on is
more common than the ones without any pictures.
7.The different forms of incense burners are mainly derived from the area of Yunlin
and Chiayi, China and Taipei areas are the second large, and Bing-dong and
Taichung areas are the third large.
8.Incense burners with pictures on are the most common, and the second common
ones are with ears.
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