| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立暨南國際大學 === 公共行政與政策學系 === 95 === The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the evolution and challenges of PRC’s national security policy from 1949 to 2006. In order to have a comprehensive understanding, the author analyzes the four generational leaders’ national security policy separately, and discusses not only the international but also the domestic environments and challenges which PRC faced from the political economic perspective.
In the Mao Zedong era, in order to ensure the national security of China under the confrontation between the U.S. and U.S.S.R., Mao took the improvement of industrial development and the goal of a powerful and rich country as the guideline in the domestic arena, and to lean on one-side [Soviet] completely to gain the foreign aid from Soviet. With the competition for influence over Communist nations with the Soviet and the Cultural Revolution, China maintained the goal of a powerful and rich country domestically, but changed its foreign policy into the “Peaceful Diplomacy”
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In the Deng Xiaoping era, Deng took the reform and opening economic policy to improve China’s comprehensive national power. Deng formulated the national security strategy with a combinative total development of military, economy and diplomacy. Deng also proposed the guideline which is to face the needs of the country’s future, the needs of modernization, and the world. Besides, in the post cold war era, Deng especially emphasized the “Peace and Development” when formulating the national security strategy in a relative stable international environment.
In the Jiang Zemin era, although the U.S. status is hard to replace in the short time, China still tries to develop the “Great Power Diplomacy” with other countries to contain the U.S. in the multipolar international system in post cold war era. Besides, China needs a stable international environment to improve its national power. Therefore, Jiang’s national security policy is to pursue a stable international and regional environment in the foreign affairs arena, and the “Three Representatives” and the “Constructing a Well-off Society” in the domestic arena.
In the Hu Jingtao era, Hu continues the Jiang’s policy. Hu emphasized the stability in the domestic arena and the harmonious coexist in the international arena. At the same time, China still took the “Great Power Diplomacy,” “Good-neighbour Diplomacy” and participation in the international organizations to weaken the threat of China’s rising to other countries.
In retrospect to the evolution and challenges of PRC’s national security policy, China has changed its security policy from traditional security to comprehensive security and to take the new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination as the guideline of national security policy. From the political economical perspective, with the rapid economic development, China gradually improved its comprehensive national power and became a major power in the world. As to the China’s rising, we should not only care its possible influence, but also what we can learn from it.
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