| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 生物資源學系研究所 === 95 === Developing phytochemical pestcides is a new way to reduce the damage of chemical nematicide to environment and human healthy. We collected thirteen kinds Chinese medicinal herbs, including Stemona spp. and Stemona tuberosa from Melia toosendan, Cyathula officinalis, Acorus tatarinowii, Stemona spp., S. tuberosa, Ferula spp., Quisqualis indica, Magnolia officinalis, Cyathea lepifer, Polyporus mylittae, Rhaponticum uniflorum, Areca cathecu and Daucus carota, and found that the tubers of Stemona spp. and S. tuberosa among herbs under 20% boiling water crude extracts had higher mortalities of Meloidogyne javanica 2nd-stage juveniles (J2) as 70.5% and 64.5%, respectively, with P=0.01 according to LSD test in this article. Stemona tuberosa was the only one Stemonae reported in Taiwan, so we chose it as the material of studies. Among Criconemella sp., Pratylenchus sp., Rotylenchus sp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans and M. javanica, the latter showed higher mortalities as 60.8% and 58.4% respectively, by 15% methanol and 10% water extracts dilutions of S. tuberosa (P=0.01). Although Acorus calamus Linn was reported to be insecticide, but its water crude extracts had very low mortality (about 3%) of M. incognita (Kofoid &White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 J2, while the water crude extracts of S. tuberosa tubers had 73.08% mortality. In the tomato TK70 pot experiment, two applications of S. tuberosa 10 % water extracts dilutions 10 ml /pot with 10 days interval, or mix application of half recommend dosage of 3% carbofuran G. (47 mg/pot) and 10 % water extracts of S. tuberosa 10 ml /pot, or mix application of 3/4 recommend dosage of 3% carbofurann G. (70.5 mg/pot) and 10 % extracts of S. tuberosa 5ml /pot, the root-knot index (no. galls/g root) are 40.5、47.1 or 36.5, respectively, which were significantly difference from nematode CK (P=0.05) and similar to carbofuran CK. Results also showed no significantly damage effect on the growth of tomato. It’s worth to investigate if S. tuberosa extract can reduce the dosage of nematicide in the field. Dipping the root of tomato TK70 into 5% water extracts of S. tuberosa had the similar root-knot index of M. javanica as two applications of 10% water extracts of S. tuberosa 10ml/pot, which all were significantly difference with nematode CK (P=0.05). It also had no significantly damage effect on the growth of tomato TK70. Intercroped tomato TK70 with S. tuberosa had no significantly difference with nematode CK on root-knot index, but it reduced the nematode population in 100g soil which was the same with 10% Terbufos G., and all showed significantly difference with nematode CK (P=0.01). The average plant height of tomato showed 5% significantly difference from nematode CK. Mixed dry powder or fresh pieces of S. tuberosa into soil 7 days before transplant tomato TK70, the root-knot index of 1% shoots dry powder, 0.1% or 0.5% tuber dry powder, 1% or 5% shoots fresh pieces, and 1% or 10% tuber fresh pieces showed significantly difference from nematode CK (P=0.01). S. tuberosa is not very common in Taiwan and it’s useful part is tuber, which made up our mind to find the way of tissue culture and propagation. The explants used for culture were stem segments with axillary bud of S. tuberosa. It showed that roots could be induced in the MS medium with sucrose 5 % and Difco agar 0.9 %, whatever added with NAA 2.0mg/L, or IBA 2.0mg/L and AgNO3 0.5mg, or IAA 2.0mg/L. The explants with petiole or not would have callus formation about 100% or 67%, respectively, in the MS media with BA 2mg/L, 2,4-D 1mg/L, sucrose 5 % and Difco agar 0.9 %, while the tubers of S. tuberosa were not. Hu (2006) reported that the shoots of S. tuberosa also had the control efficacy of root-knot nematode. So the juice ground from explants or callus of S. tuberosa were investigated on the control efficancy of M. incognita J2 and showed significantly difference with CK (P=0.01). Although seeds germinated in the MS medium, but it had high pollution rate. Among the peat moss, peat moss +sandy loam (1:1) or sandy loam, the germination rate of seeds was the highest (80%) in peat moss.
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