| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立高雄師範大學 === 客家文化研究所 === 95 === The main purpose of this study was to explore the factors of the changing of Hakka cultural after Hakka people moved from the rural area to the urban area, the obstacles to Hakka identification, and the plights under the process of urbanization. Through the interview with samples of different ages, this study observed the change of tribe consciousness among different urban Hakka generations. The life process of these urban Hakka immigrators presented an authentic profile of an ordinary citizen under a radical social change. The experiences of these Hakka immigrators showed us the influence and accommodation they confronted under their “Hakka status.” The study also explored the “invisibility” of Hakka people during their immigration to Kaohsiung urban area.
The samples of this study were Hakka people who have lived in urban Kaohsiung over a long period of time. In this study, 23 Hakka people of different genders and ages were interviewed to discuss the factors of job, marriage, and education. Three viewpoints of migration, accommodation, and tribe were adopted to analyze their life experiences. This study presented the male Hakka urban immigrators’ life experiences of 1960s and 1970s. The female Hakka urban immigrators’ life experiences were discussed in another separate chapter. In the end, the factors of “Hakka’s invisibility” of urban Hakka people were explored.
This study found that the Hakka people melted into the urban life through assimilations and accommodations. The Hakka people, male or female, had to confront different life conditions. However, the ability of speaking “Hakka language” disappeared rapidly as they left the original Hakka village. This caused the diminish of identity with the Hakka culture among the next generation. Along with the economic development in Kaohsiung and their immigration, the female Hakka people led a new life style that was different from the traditional female Hakka people. The differences between urban and rural living speeded up the changing of the “Hakka culture.” To explore the factors of the “hakka’s invisibility” of the urban Hakka people might help the “Hakka culture” come alive in the urban area.
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