| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺南大學 === 台灣文化研究所 === 95 === The Hakka immigration history can be divided into two periods: primary settlement and second migration. Regarding the first immigration of primary settlement, it can be roughly divided into several periods: the settlement in the beginning of the reign of Yuanchen (Hsinchu Hsinfon, Nankan, Hsinwu, and Guanyin township), the settlement in the beginning of the reign of Chienlong (Toufen, Tonghsiao, Taoyuan, Bate, and Pingchen township), the settlement in the middle and end of the reign of Chienlong (Kongguan, Hsihu, Chuolan, Hsinpu, Guanxi, Huko, Chudong, Daxi, Chonli, and Yangmei township), the settlement in the reigns of Xienfon and Tongi (Nanchuang, Sanwan, Dahu, Henbei township and mountain passage of Beipu, Omei and Baoshan township).
It is observed that the process of the development in the northern area is from the sea shore to the mountain area. The immigrants first arrived at the port cities along the sea shore, such as Nankan (Nankan port), Hsinfon (Honmao port), Hsinchu (Chuchien port) and Tofen (Chungang) and then moved to plain or plateau areas, such as Taoyuan, Bate, Kongguan, Hsinpu, Huko and Chudong. Lastly, with armed forces, the Hakka immigrant settlement moved into the aboriginal regions such as Nanchuang, mountain passage and valley areas.
As for the second migration, because of the “push” and “pull”, the northern Hakkas were forced to leave their villages and go down south or through the mountain to the east coast. During the Japanese sovereignty period, there was the second migration of the northern Hakkas to the south, around Kaohsiung city and county area. Nowadays, a large population of northern Hakkas can be found in Kaohsiung county Giahsien, Liuguei, Meinon Nanlong area, Fonshan, Renwu and in Kaoshiung city Sanmin area.
“Yimin Men” also know as “Yi Yuan Gon”, “Chong Yuan Gon” or “Yi Min Gon” is a group of countryfolks who fought and died for protecting their villages and defending the people there during the Qin dynasty. Temples were built and ceremonies were carried out in order to honor these people who sacrificed their lives. The origins of the “Yimin Men” religion in this research refer to the ceremonies carried out for the deceased who formed “Yimin” troops and fought for their villages. These Hakka people from Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli area were influenced by the “Lin Shuan-wen’s” revolt against the Qin dynasty from central Taiwan. In the reign of Chienlong, Year 53 (1788), the rebellion against Qin dynasty was settled in Taiwan, Hakkas in Chuchien area built tombs for the deceased anti-Qin resisters. In that same year, Qin Emperor Chienlong bestowed upon them the two words of “Bao Chung”. One local official named “Lin Sien Kuen” and others proposed to have temples for holding ceremonies and thus we have the establishment of the “Bao Chung Yimin Temple”. The “Chun Yi” spirits of the “Yimin Men” were honored by the imperial court, therefore, it became the religion of the Hakka community.
The development of the “Yimin” religion after the second migration followed the progression of the second migration and spread all over Taiwan, such as the Yimin Fen Hsian Temples in Kaohsiung city and county, located in Sanming area in Kaohsiung city and Chiwei and Giahsien area in Kaohsiung county.
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