| Summary: | 碩士 === 靜宜大學 === 觀光事業學系研究所 === 95 === Researchers in leisure and recreation discovered that through mindfulness, visitors would concentrate more their attention on the pleasure of activity itself, and also improve the meaning of participation and satisfaction from leisure ore recreation activity. The concept of Mindfulness-Mindlessness theory（Langer, 1989）has been proposed for more than 20 years, but there were no discussion about the construct of mindfulness. Mindfulness was regarded as the combination of the aware of consciousness and concentration; and makes individual''s attention on what happen at that moment, and help to increase one’s ability in learning, degree of satisfaction and promote the new way of thinking, especially in recreation setting or program. Recreation involvement focused on the connection and meaning of leisure activities to a whole point of view to a personal life, which contains attraction, centrality and self-expression in psychological involvement, and the behavior factor represents in behavior involvement. Besides, the inner meaning of recreation involvement and mindfulness were both related to the action of activity participates, that might be influenced visitors’ feelings in the process of activity.
Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to construct the component of Mindfulness-Mindlessness theory, and to confirm the relationship between mindfulness and recreation involvement. Data were collected from on-site visitors who joined Hawk-watching activity during March 18 to April 2 2006 when Gray-faced Buzzard Hawks fly into Mt. Bagua Scenic Area. The Total of 250 questionnaires was validated. The confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were applied by LISREL 8.54 for windows. The study results were shown as follows:
1. There were five factors extracted by exploratory factor analysis from 26 items of mindfulness theory. They were named as novelty-interaction, sense of interest, attention, familiarity and perceived freedom.
2. The results from confirmatory factor analysis have confirmed that sense of interest（λ=0.82）was the most important factor among mindfulness components, and was followed by novelty-interaction（λ=0.77）, attention（λ=0.76）, perceived freedom（λ=0.66）; and familiarity（λ=0.44）.
3. The results from confirmatory factor analysis have confirmed that personal attraction （λ=0.91） was the most important factor among recreation involvement components and was followed by centrality（λ=0.90）, self-expression （λ= 0.78）, and ended with the factor of involvement behavior（λ=0.62）.
4. Finally, recreation involvement affected mindfulness positively（λ= 0.82）.
In terms of implication and application, mindfulness can help recreation participants to enhance their experiences during participating leisure and recreation activities. Some suggestions from this research were as follow：First, the manager of recreation-based destination should enhance visitors’ recreation involvement by creating the interaction with visitors as an example of improving hawking information from internet and web-site and collecting visitors’ information for data bank. The manager can design effective and interesting interpretation program for activities and maintain the recreation facilities to improve the degree of mindfulness. Moreover it was suggested that future researchers could compare with different activity of recreation participants based on results from this study. To be sure, it was encouraged that trying to find out the relationship between mindfulness and some other leisure and recreation theories, and adopting different measurement issues for mindfulness to fulfill this theory.
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