The Imprinting Effect and Long-term Influences on Outdoor Education for Junior High School Students

• Main Authors: Hung-Chieh Cheng, 程鴻傑
• Other Authors: Shih-Ceng,Yu
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2007
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94636218411117196591

碩士 === 國立雲林科技大學 === 休閒運動研究所碩士班 === 95 === The main purpose of the research is to understand how activities of outdoor education affect the participants. Through ten-year participation and observation, it is found that Sacred Hearts High School in Yun-lin County puts much emphasis on activities of outdoor education for students with the strong support of administrators and teachers. Students internalize some experiences as well as values and are greatly influenced through various kinds of well-designed activities ranging from hands-on experiences to repeated operation of learning cycle. Activities of outdoor education have been long regarded as an important part in high school education but nowadays they are gradually ignored in the grade-oriented Taiwan society. However, in organizing and planning the Hwa Mountain camping of Sacred Hearts High school, it is found that there must be some values behind the activity and thus many students are still impressed with the activity afterwards. For example, during the camping every year, many alumna and alumnus will come to the campsite to visit teachers and enjoy the pleasure of recollection. Moreover, in the alumnus reunion, Hwa Mountain camping is usually the subject of conversation and vigorously discussed. The memories are so vivid and never fade away with times. To better understand the value of the activity, the research is done to discover how the camping, which has been held for 40 years, influences the students. The research, done by Qualitative Research, first targets the latest participants of Hwa Mountain camping in 2006. Through observation, interview, and open questionnaire, related materials are collected and some impressive memories can be found. Through literal accounts , analysis of the interview, pictures and comparison, 41 obvious and meaningful experiences can be concluded. To go further, based on the cycle of every three or five years, find the interviewees from the alumna and alumnus to talk about their experiences of the camping. By recording, questionnaire, filing, numbering, their experiences are analyzed. All the results of the analysis are tested by triangulation. From different interpretation of the interviewees and highly unanimous viewpoints, proper validity can be gained. The research results show that the remarkable influence caused by the activity on participants nowadays or alumna is the reinforcement of self-concept and the enhancement of life effectiveness, which accords with Neill’s report in 2000 ( Life Effectiveness, Time Management, Social Competence, Achievement Motivation, Intellectual Flexibility, Task Leadership, Emotional Control, Active Initiative, Self Confidence, Locus of Control). In addition, some experiences are unexplained in theory, such as staying out of home for the night, sleeping with classmates for the first time, how to conquer the fear for night education, taking no shower for three days, eating the meal fixed on their own and reaching the hilltop for the first time. As time passes, these first-time experiences are still fresh, which cannot be clearly explained by information-processing theory and memory theory. According to Lorenz’s viewpoints, the first participation in the camping, the most impressive experience is called imprinting. The research also shows that both educational function of environmental ethics and the effect of organizational culture on outdoor education are left for later researchers to do a long-term exploration.