| Summary: | 碩士 === 逢甲大學 === 資訊工程所 === 96 === Efficient routing protocols design is a critical approach for energy conservations in wireless sensor networks. In this thesis, we thus propose an energy efficient routing protocol, named as the Directed Hierarchical Routing Protocol (DHRP). The development procedure of DHRP is conceptually similar to the well-known LEACH scheme, but different in their assumptions and the formation method of routing architecture. By the cooperation of cluster members and cluster heads, DHRP always constructs several multi-level energy-efficient relaying paths that are directed to the sink. Simulation results show that the proposed DHRP protocol can achieve at least 1.5 times improvements on the network lifetime than that in other existing protocols, such as LEACH, ERA, and PEGASIS protocols. Furthermore, since the number of cluster heads and the transmission range of node will significantly affect the network lifetime, we thus also find out the optimal percentage of cluster-heads (p) for our DHRP in various simulation environments. When the node transmission range is small (as 1/4 length of the sensing area), the optimal values of p can be set ranging from 10% to 13%. And when the node transmission range is set about 1/2~3/4 length of the sensing area, the optimal values of p can be set ranging from 5% to 8%. In addition, when the node transmission range is set to length of the sensing area, the optimal values of p can be set about 5%.
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