| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 環境工程與科學系所 === 96 === For the concern of incense burning effects on adverse health, this study investigated the characteristics of aerosol PAHs, PAH-associated BaPeq, and carbons from incense burning emission, and compared the data with those of outdoor particles. The sampling was conducted using Dichot, MOUDI, and PS-I samplers to collect fine and coarse particles in a temple at Chaochou, Pintung County.
The results show that during intensive incense burning at daytime in the temple, the concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 1,782 ± 35.8, 1,570 ± 56.4, 1,479 ± 58.5, and 91.3 ± 14.5 μg/m3, respectively, and they were 8.53, 10.9, 13.1, and 2.95 times that outside the temple, respectively. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was high (94.2%). The particles exhibited an uni-modal distribution in the size range of 0.056 to 18 m, peaking at 0.18~0.56 m. The total carbon (EC + OC) contents of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 64, 61, and 53%, respectively, and the OC/EC ratios of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 8.77, 10.0, and 1.52, respectively. In the temple, the total-PAHs (gas and particle phases) and BaPeq were 6,773 ± 779 and 93.2 ± 22.5 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 18.5 and 13.9 times that outside the temple, respectively. The gas- and particle-phase PAHs in the temple were 6,036 ± 649 and 737 ± 209 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 19.3 and 14.1 times that outside the temple, respectively. Moreover, the gas- and particle-phase PAHs in the temple were 13.1 ± 2.55 and 80.1 ± 21.1 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 3.85 and 24.3 times that outside the temple, respectively. The particle-phase PAHs only accounted for 10.9% of total-PAHs; however, the particle-phase BaPeq reached 85.9% of total-BaPeq. This indicates that higher Toxic-Equivalents-Quantity PAHs existed mainly in the particle phase.
In the temple, the gas-phase PAHs were mainly 2- to 3-ring LMW-PAHs (about 93%), whereas the particle-phase PAHs were primarily 4-ring MMW-PAHs (48%) and 5- to 7-ring HMW-PAHs (43%). Outside the temple, however, the percentage of gas-phase PAHs (only 63%) was less than that in the temple, but the content of LMW-PAHs (about 20%) in the particle phase outside the temple was higher than that inside the temple (10%). About 97% of Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq of PM10 were in the fine particles (PM2.5) that may reach the human lung system. The content of PAHs or BaPeq in ultra-fine (PM0.1) particles was higher than those in fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles. These findings raise concerns for the health effects of prayers exposed to incense burning in the temple.
Keywords: incenses, particulates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbons, organic carbons, PM0.1
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