Effects of rice straw composts and other media on the

• Main Authors: Hsieh Wen-Ping, 謝文萍
• Other Authors: Po-Yung Lai, Ph.D.
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2008
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52028720584557961404

碩士 === 國立屏東科技大學 === 熱帶農業暨國際合作系所 === 96 === This study was to develop a cultural medium consisting of a substratum fortified with animal manure to enhance the growth of mycelia and fruiting bodies of a mushroom, Agaricus blazei Murrill, under a simple, fabricated mushroom house, in which the best growth conditions of temperature and humidity were tested. Based on the test result, the average length of A. blazei measured on the 30th day after wheat germ spawn was inoculated in a compost fortified with different animal manure was the longest in that of cattle manure (6.57±0.37cm), followed by goat manure (5.49±0.56cm), the control (3.29±0.37cm), and then chicken manure (2.17±0.47cm). There were significant differences among the composts fortified with 4 different animal manure (p<0.05). The average number of days required for mycelia to grow till covering ¾ of the surface of the container was shortest when the thickness of the compost was at 6cm (29.13±1.25 days), followed by 8cm (29.67±0.72 days), and 10cm (30.87±0.83 days). Among the 3 different thickness composts, there was no significant difference between 6cm and 8cm (p>0.05); however, both composts at 6cm and 8cm were significantly different from that of 10cm (p<0.05). The average weight of each fruiting body grown in these 3 different thickness composts was 34.89±3.88g at 8cm, 33.80±6.54g at 10cm and 30.78±4.48g at 6cm. However, there were no significant differences in the average weight of each fruiting body among the 3 thickness composts (p>0.05). The results also showed that the average weight of fruiting body per 100cm2 was the heaviest at 10cm (33.19±1.91g), followed by 8cm (33.03±2.42g) and then 6cm (30.38±1.77g). There was no significant difference between 10cm and 8cm (p>0.05); however, they both were significantly heavier than 6cm (p<0.05). In addition, with different thickness of soil covering mycelia, the average weight of the fruiting body per 1.0 m2 produced was 30.69±0.3g at the soil thickness of 5.0±0.5cm, which was followed by 30.38±0.59g at 3.5±0.5cm and then 28.26±0.27g at 2.0±0.5cm. Among these different thickness of soil covered , there was no significant difference between 3.5±0.5cm and 5.0±0.5cm (p>0.05); however, they both were significantly heavier fruiting bodies than that of 2.0±0.5cm (p<0.05). Based on the results of the above studies, the most suitable cultivating procedures were thus proposed for commercial scale production of A. blazei mycelia and fruiting bodies. The procedures involved the use of a cultural substratum of sawdust : rice bran : sugar cane bagasse : peat moss : cattle manure at a w/w ratio of 4 : 1 : 1 : 1.3. This medium was seeded with wheat grain spawn of A. blazei and then bagged in plastic bags. After mycelia were fully developed in the bags, they were transferred to a rectangular plastic tray containing a compost made of rice straw : cow manure : CaCO3 : P2O5 : urea ; rice bran at a (w/w) ratio of 80 : 32 : 2.4 : 16 : 2.4 : 2.4. After being subjected to two fermentation processes, the final pH of the compost was at 7 – 7.5. When the growth of mycelia occupied 3/4 of the surface of a tray, the mycelia were covered with a combination of loamy soil : peat moss : potting soil : vermiculite : CaCO3 at a (v/v) ratio of 5 : 3 : 1 : 2 : 1, which was sprinkled with water until the soil moisture reaching at about 20-60%. The cultural trays were placed in a mushroom house, which was maintained at an average temperature of 25 – 26oC, air humidity of 80 – 85%, and average soil moisture of 20 – 60%. When mycelia grew up to the soil surface of the trays (ca. 5 – 6 wks), controlled fogging was initiated in the mushroom house to ensure that dew-like water drops formed on mycelia but without free water collected in the trays. Fogging was continued until mushroom buds and fruiting bodies fully developed.