| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣海洋大學 === 商船學系所 === 96 === According to Lloyd’s Register’s survey results, the human element contributes to 80 percents of the maritime casualties. In order to reduce the cause resulting in casualties, international regulations and regimes including International Safety Management (ISM) Code, Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) 78/95 and Port State Control (PSC) systems have contained regulations on human behaviors on board. However, it appears that the number of maritime accidents is relatively high. A core element arising from these international regulations is the emergence of a safety culture. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to establish a safety culture seeking to decrease the figure of the causes by human elements.
A survey was conducted to elicit seafarers’ perspectives on the important factors for establishing a safety culture on board. The Important Performance Analysis (IPA) method is applied to express the importance and performance of the factors playing crucial roles in safety culture. The factors under consideration include safety value, safety commitment, training, environment, communication, responsibility assignments, audit and reviews, reward and sanction regime, reporting system, respectively. The results are further analyzed using T-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to understand the significant difference between the type of vessel, age, the educational background, and the duty. Interviews with the Masters, Chief Officers and persons accountable for shipping safety were also conducted for the purpose of appreciating the cognition and perception of the current safety practices onboard vessels. The results indicate that further improvements are needed, in particular, the living and working environments as well as the reward and sanction regime for seafarers. Based on the findings, the process for establishing a model of ‘Safety Culture on Board’ can be modified and improved. Furthermore, it is noted that the area and steps for modifying safety culture are different among different groups. In the future，the ship owners can establish a safety culture on board via this pattern to reduce the accident.
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