| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 國家發展研究所 === 96 === After the Nationalist Government relocated to Taiwan in 1949, it exercised authoritarian governance. Until the Democratic Progressive Party was established in 1986, there was no opposing party for 37 years. In 1960, Lei Cheng organized the Chinese Democratic Party, but the party building was failed because the authority arrested Lei Cheng. In 1978, the Formosa Group promoted a party without name, and established the Formosa Magazine. It aggressively established many service locations, which are equivalent to party branches. On December 10, 1978, the Formosa Incident occurred in Kaohsiung, and the party building movement of the Formosa Group was failed.
In 1983, the election for additional members of Central Representatives was held. To fight for seats, non-party members entered the competition through an organized approach. The public support for non-party members promoted the party building movement. In 1983, non-party members established the “1983 Non-party Members Campaign Group for Legislative Election” and “Non-party Members Writers’ Club”. After the central election in 1984, the campaign group transformed into “Public Policy Research Group for Non-party Public Servants”, and branches were established throughout Taiwan. As the non-party organizations became mature, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was officially established in 1986.
The establishment of DPP was not suppressed or arrested by the authorities, as when Lei Cheng formed the Chinese Democratic Party and the party building of Formosa Group. The main reasons need to be probed from the political development of parties in Taiwan, analysis on the party building of Chinese Democratic Party by Lei Cheng and DPP, and the characteristics of the third wave democratization of other countries.
The findings of this paper are as follow: 1) international state of affairs would affect the political development of parties in Taiwan; 2) the transformation of the political elite structure weakens the authoritarian system; 3) election is the key of cohering non-party forces; 4) Kuomingtang has transformed from a hegemonic one-party system to a pragmatic one-party system; 5) the political leaders’ attitude is the key to the termination of hegemony; 6) the development of political parties in Taiwan shares the same characteristics as the third wave democratization.
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