| Summary: | 碩士 === 朝陽科技大學 === 環境工程與管理系碩士班 === 97 === Air pollutant emissions from vehicles include CO, HC, NOx, CO2, and non-regulated air pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds. It is essential to analyze VOC and carbonyl emissions from gasoline/LPG dual-fuel retrofits to fully comprehend the reduction the air pollution emission from LPG usage. In this study, 15 gasoline-powered automobiles were converted to the gasoline/LPG dual-fuel retrofits which were conducted on a standardized dynamometer system to measure the emissions of VOCs and carbonyls. In addition, the maximum incremental reactivity built by Carter (1994) was implemented to estimate the Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) of VOCs. The results are as follows: (1) The emission factors of VOCs are 72.8 ± 13.4, 53.6 ± 14.2, 43.5 ± 11.6, 30.1 ± 8.31 mg/km, respectively, for gasoline-using cold start, gasoline-using hot start, LPG-using cold start and LPG-using hot start, respectively. The LPG emission factors of VOCs are lower than that of gasoline. The emission factors of VOCs for LPG cold start and LPG hot start are lowered by 40.3% and 43.9%, respectively. On the other hand, VOCs emission for LPG cold start is decreased by 30.9% compared to LPG hot start. (2) The emission factors for alkane, alkene and aromatic for LPG cold start and LPG hot start are all lower than those for gasoline. Overall, with LPG fuel consisting of mostly propane and butane, alkane from LPG cold start and LPG hot start are higher than those of gasoline, followed by alkene and alkane. (3) The emission factors of carbonyls are 2453 ± 839, 1694 ± 748, 1765 ± 529 and 1098 ± 367 μg/km, respectively, for gasoline cold start, gasoline hot start, LPG cold start, and LPG hot start. The emission factors of carbonyls for LPG cold start and LPG hot start are all lower than those for gasoline cold start and gasoline hot start, by 28.0% and 35.2%. On the other hand, for carbonyls, LPG hot start is lower than those of LPG cold start, by 37.8%. (4) The emission factors of OFP are 269, 155, 151, 90.8 mg O3/km, respectively, for gasoline cold start, gasoline hot start, LPG cold start, and LPG hot start. Using LPG are lower than those of gasoline by 44.0% and 41.4%, for cold start and hot start, respectively.
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