Exposure Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Cigarette Mainstream for Smoking People

• Main Authors: Chen Yan-jyun, 陳彥君
• Other Authors: Liu Shi-Ping
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2009
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vc3ekb

碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 公共衛生學系碩士班 === 97 === The objectives of this study were to evaluate the cigarette smoke absorption rates by measuring inhale and exhale gaseous and particulate PAHs in the cigarette smoke stream. By using a lab-made cigarette smoking machine and a major cigarettes brand as the target, the gaseous and particulate PAHs of the inhaling smoke could be measured. The smoking absorption rates were performed by three male and three female smokers. All cigarette smoke were sampled by a Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) and Filter/Absorbent Apparatus (F/A Sampler) to investigate particle sizes and gaseous/particle concentrations for PAHs. The average gas phase PAHs produced by the smoking machine was 1093.0 ± 282.9 ng/cigarette while the solid phase PAHs was about 1204.2 ± 176.9 ng/cigarette. The smokers exhaled more gaseous PAHs than particulate PAHs. The PAH mean with S.D. of the exhale smoke for six target smoker were 1066.7 ± 529.2 ng/cigarette(range：492.8-1399.0). 7,8 Benzoquinoline was absorbed in significantly high quantities during smoking. 7,8 Benzoquinoline is a kind of hetero-PAH which shows a substantially higher absorption rate in the human body. Therefore, future studies were suggested in a greater emphasis on its possible health effects. The particle sizes of inhale and exhale smoke were mainly distributed in 0.305-0.53 μm. The MMAD of inhale smoke was 0.38 μm, while the exhale smoke MMAD was 0.29 μm. The results indicate that lager particles have higher removal efficiency during the smoking. Besides, the absorption rates of gas phase PAHs is highly dependent upon the PAH molecular weights. The absorption rates were as follows: 2-rings PAHs is 36.4 ± 11.1％；3-rings PAHs is 76.0 ± 13.7％；4-rings PAHs is 71.3 ± 7.86％；5-rings PAHs is 100.0 ± 0.0％. PAHs with higher boiling point easily condense and result in higher subsiding probability in the respiratory system. Particles of different sizes have various absorption rates during smoking. The particle size of 1.0-10 μm and below 0.17 μm in smoking particles were almost completely absorbed. The ARs of particles with sizes of 0, 0.53, 0.305, and 0.17 μm revealed various degrees of absorption： absorption rate for 1.0 μm particle were approximately 95.3 ± 4.4%; 72.2 ± 9.3% for 0.53 μm; 35.3 ± 9.18% for 0.305 μm; 13.6 ± 6.7% for 0.17 μm. Large cigarette smoke particle may be removed by their inertia while small particles dissipate by Brownian movement. The results showed that 0.17-0.53 μm tobacco smoke particles are most difficult to remove in the respiratory system.