| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 體育健康與休閒研究所 === 97 === The present study examined cognitive change in older adults with different physical-activity levels and gender, using a task-switching paradigm to test reaction time, error rate, global switch cost, specific switch cost and error-related negativity (ERN). Seventy-five participants (37 men and 38 women) were screened using Seven-day Physical Activity Recall (7-d PAR) and divided into two groups: higher-physical-activity (all of them played table tennis regularly) and lower-physical-activity groups. All older adults were recorded with regard to their behavioral performance and event-related potential measures during a variant of the task-switching paradigm, in which they should react to homogenous and heterogeneous tests respectively. Results indicated that no significant differences were found in reaction time, global switch cost and specific switch cost between higher- and lower-physical-activity groups and between male and female older adults. However, error rate was significantly lower in higher-physical-activity group than in lower-physical-activity one. In addition, ERN amplitude was significantly larger at the Fz electrode as compared to Pz. Even though ERN amplitude was not significantly affected by different physical-activity level, it revealed significant differences in gender. These findings showed that, in task-switching paradigms, only error rate could be improved in older adults with higher physical activity playing table tennis regularly. Moreover, a gender difference on the cognitive degeneration was found in older adults.
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