| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 政治經濟學研究所 === 97 === Electoral system has always been the focus of politics. In the era of democracy, election even plays an important role as the rule for each political party, which guides the way to have the votes change into the seats in legislative assembly. Before the 6th session of legislator election, Taiwan used “single non-transferable vote system” (SNTV). However, it has started to use “sole electoral district two ticket system” in the 7th session, which brought a great change on legislator electoral system.
The aspects from this kind of change mainly included that electoral prescribed number of a electoral district was resulted form relative majority system of election, the size of electoral district was getting smaller, and the votes has changed from one ticket system to two ticket system (political party and candidates votes are designed separately). The changing of the electoral system not only affected the political party, the behavior that electors to vote, but the most important was that actual electoral mobilization strategy needed to be adjusted, which was what has been neglected in the references of sole electoral district two ticket system form the past.
According to the references of electoral system, the candidates mobilized electors to vote, and the experiences myself actually joined to assist and observe the election, this paper assumed that when facing the change of electoral system, the candidates had two ways to handle mobilization which are electoral strategy and electoral district management. For electoral strategy, it was divided into two factors – electoral advertisement strategy and political alignment. For electoral district, it was divided into elector connection and vote broker management. Base on the four factors, 14 investigative propositions were assumed; and the propositions were extended to 14 relative questions for the survey. The purpose of the survey was to compare the mobilization differences between legislator election in the last session and this one. The interviewees were mainly candidates’ electoral office bearers or actually election handler.
This paper is a case study. The objects are 4 legislator candidates nominated by Democratic Progressive Party, who were seeking for renewal. The paper also investigated the political area and competition situation in a certain electoral district from the case study for the factors of studying background.
Through the collection of the interviewees’ survey, it was found that when facing the new electoral system, there were 8 same points that the candidates used to mobilize. First was the increase of releasing election advertisement. Second, the content of the advertisement did not add the claims form the party purposely. Third, the percentage level of subjects for discussion form the center of a party was not increased in the advertisements of the candidates’. Fourth, the candidates had better interactions with basic public officers or elites of the society. Fifth, the candidates did not spend more money or goods when striving for the support of basic public officers and association leaders. Sixth, single electoral district had made the candidates had closer relationship with the electors. Seventh, the setting of reinforcement meeting has increased. Eighth, more materiality resources were not provided to the election brokers because of the changing electoral system.
It was found that the degree of citification was not the variable for candidates’ electoral advertisement strategies when comparing the candidates’ mobilization strategies between non-urban area – Tainan County – and the urban area – Tainan City. However, in political alignment, the candidates in urban area were obviously paying more attention on the tendency of basic public officers and association leaders; meanwhile, they had closer relationship to interact with their vote brokers.
The paper suggested that further related study could go deep into analyze the record of polling stations in basic unit of city administration. If a long-term analysis of the same electoral district object could be aimed at, it would be better to compare if the candidates from the same party would have changed their mobilization strategies and truly control the factors of electoral mobilization. According to the result of this study, “Mechanical Factor” that Maurice Duverger claimed has appeared on the relative majority system of sole electoral district election that Taiwan first held. If the factors of increasing and decreasing percentage in advantage areas for each candidate in the entire nation could be further analyzed in the future study, it would be more clearly aware of the mutual effect between the electoral system and electoral district.
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