Surviving in the Conflicts: Borderers Who Swing between Liao and Regime in North China

• Main Authors: Hung Ke Jiun, 洪可均
• Other Authors: Liao Lung Sheng
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2009
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v73f97

碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 歷史學系 === 97 === Abstract Surviving in the Conflicts: Borderers Who Swing between Liao and Regime in North China “Borderers,” as was documented in the official materials of the Sung dynasty, means people who were born and grew up in the frontier as opposed to the central government in north China in political and geographical sense. In this thesis, “Borderers” indicates the inhabitants of the Ho-tung(Shan-hsi) and Ho-pei during the era when Liao co-existed with regimes in North China. From the Sui-Tang dynasties onward, northern Ho-tung and Ho-pei area frequently became the transition zone between “Regime in North China” and non-Chinese(Han) races, an area which was therefore seen as “border”. In the second half of the 8th century, with the decline of Tang government, this area gradually fallen into the hands of local warlords. In others words, many political powers and centers co-existed in this area. In the early 10th century, Liao (Khitan) and regimes in north China started to recruit political elites from this area, which resulted in the opposition between the north and the south. With the rise of Liao and regimes in north China in the middle of 10th century, the “local” powers and tribes composed by the borders were gradually weakened or eliminated by the regimes, leading to the re-marginalization of this area. This area remained as such until the invasion of Jurchens in early 12th century. Under the rule of Jurchens, most of the “borders” became part of China proper, some of these areas even became the heart of Chinese Empire from Chin to Ch’ing dynasty. Taking a different approach from those adopted by traditional scholarship, this thesis attempts to inquiry how the northern Ho-tung and northern Ho-pei inhabitants survived for almost two centuries in terms of the standpoint of the “borderers”, including political elites, tribes, and partially nameless plebian. And it tries to explore how they are adapted to the continuous changes in political sphere and responded to the different regimes, and especially why they swung between Liao and north China regime. Furthermore, in order to revise the ideas about the relations between borderers and regimes in the traditional scholarship, this thesis not only tries to survey and re-evaluate the “borderers”, but also analyzes the meaning of “borderers’ ” activities in the early modern history in East Asia.