The effect of Antrodia camphorata fruit-body and mycelium on the prevention ofAlzheimer's disease

• Main Authors: Shen-En Wang, 王聖恩
• Other Authors: Chun-Lin Lee, Ph.D.
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2010
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/erd98c

碩士 === 國立臺東大學 === 生命科學研究所 === 98 === Abstract Antrodia camphorate is a Taiwan-specific medical fungus, and its fruit-body is often applied to the treatment of various diseases such as sitotoxism and drug toxicity induced diarrhea and abdominalgia, hypertension, pruritus and cancer. Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is proven to closely associate with pathogens of Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). The deposition of Aβ in brain causes oxidative stresses and inflammatory responses, and leads to neuron damages as well as the impairments of learning and memory. Therefore, antioxidant capabilities are highly associated with AD preventions. A number of animal experiments have indicated that A. camphorata would provide excellent in vivo antioxidant effect, so antioxidant effect is probable to be used as the important marker for AD prevention. This study concerned in the research and development of an A. camphorata fermentation product with the functions of prophylaxis and amelioration of AD. AD prevention factors of A.camphorata fruit-body and mycelium including DPPH scavenging effect, anti-Aβ neurocytotoxicity, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities were measured in this study. AD rat model established through continuous injection of Aβ40 for 28 consecutive days was used to evaluate the effect of A. camphorata fermentation products on learning and memory abilities, as well as oxidative and inflammatory risk factors in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues. The results showed that the water extract of fruit-body had the most potent DPPH scavenging ability among all groups. The ability for the protection against Aβ40 cytotoxicity were the water extract of mycelium, lovastatin, the water extract of fruit-body, the ethanol extract of fruit body and the ethanol extract of mycelium in sequence expressed as using the concentration at 1.25 ppm. The ability for the protection against Aβ25-35 cytotoxicity were the water extract of fruit-body, the water extract of mycelium, the ethanol extract of fruit-body, the ethanol extract mycelium, and lovastatin in sequence expressed as using the concentration at 1.25 ppm. In the cell test regarding the prevention against Aβ-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression were both significantly increased by the treatment of Aβ40 (187.5 nM) and Aβ25-35 (10 μM) in PC 12 cell (p<0.05). However, these damages were be reversed by the treatment of water and ethanol extract of fruit body and mycelium, in which the water extract of fruit body performed the best effect. The Tau protein in PC 12 cells was expressed by the treatment of Aβ40, as compared with Normal group. However, this expression was supressed by the water extract of fruit body. Furthermore, the results of the experiments concerning animal learning and memory ability showed that AD rats fed fruit-body and mycelium have shorter searching time in the reference memory experiments and working memory experiments (p<0.05). In addition, the fruit-body group would extend the searching time around target quadrants in the spatial exploration tests (p<0.05). The concentration of MDA and ROS in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues of Aβ group were higher by 2, 7.1 and 2 times than that of the Normal group (p<0.05), but the increased MDA and ROS levels may be effectively brought down by feeding fruit-body and mycelium (p<0.05). According to the result of the Aβ40 and sAPPα protein deposition in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues, a large amount of Aβ40 deposit is discovered in Aβ group, as compared with the Normal group. An obvious decreasing of Aβ40 deposition was shown in fruit-body group. According to the expression of Aβ40, BACE, and Tau protein in hippocapus and cortex tissue, Aβ40, BACE, and Tau were significantly expressed in Aβ-infused rat. However, the fruit body treatment was able to perform more effect on reversing the damage than mycelium treatment . Lower sAPPα deposition was also generated in cortex tissues in the Aβ group than in Normal group, but a remarkable increase of sAPPα accumulation is further observed in the lovastatin group and fruit-body group as compared with the Aβ group. In the future work, the result of this study was expected to be the base on the study of the functional ingredients and mechanism of AD prevention of A. camphorate.